Post on 26-Dec-2015
Westward Expansionand
Imperialism
U.S. Presidents, 1877-Present
Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-1881James Garfield, 1881Chester Arthur, 1881-1885Grover Cleveland, 1885-1889Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1993Grover Cleveland, 1993-1997William McKinley, 1897-1901Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909William H. Taft, 1909-1913Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921Warren Harding, 1921-1923Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945Harry Truman, 1945-1953Dwight Eisenhower, 1953-1961John F. Kennedy, 1961-1963Lyndon Johnson, 1963-1969Richard Nixon, 1969-1974Gerald Ford, 1974-77Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981Ronald Reagan, 1981-1989George H.W. Bush, 1989-1993William J. Clinton, 1993-2001George W. Bush, 2001-present
Gary Gerstle on American nationalism
• Civic nationalism - inclusive, draws on American democracy
• Racial nationalism - denies the ability of non-white races to assimilate into American society
• Theodore Roosevelt represents the “divided” character of American nationalism that combined both
• What about Jacob Riis?
Westward Expansion
• 14 new states created after the Civil War
• Homestead Act of 1862 facilitated land settlement
• Male violent culture exaggerated in the movies (44 shootings 1877-1883)
• mid-1880s buffalo herds destroyed
• 1887 Dawes Act grants citizenship and land ownership to Indians
• As a result Indians tribes lose 86 out of 130 million acres between 1887-1934
• 1890 census could not locate a frontier line where population was fewer than 2 people per square mile
• Historian Frederick Jackson Turner declared “the end of the frontier”
Westward Expansion > The Battle of Little Bighorn, 1875
Westward Expansion > The Battle of Little Bighorn, 1875
Westward Expansion > Sioux drawing of the battle of Little Bighorn
Westward Expansion > Custer’s last stand, painting
Westward Expansion > The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890
Westward Expansion > Ghost dance, painting
Westward Expansion > Ghost dance, painting
Westward Expansion > Frederick Remington, first moments of the battle
Westward Expansion > Frederick Remington, another illustration
Westward Expansion > Frederick Remington, another illustration
Imperialism > Spanish-American War, 1898
Imperialism > USS Maine in Havana, 1898
Imperialism > William Randolph Hearst newspapers promoted Spanish-American War, 1898
Imperialism > A Fleet Steaming up North River, 1898
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Imperialism > Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” photo
Imperialism > Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” painting
Imperialism > Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” painting depicts no black troops
Imperialism > Spanish-American War gravesite
Imperialism > Philippine-American War, 1898-1902
Imperialism > Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden”
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.
Take up the White Man's burden! Have done with childish days-- The lightly-proffered laurel, The easy ungrudged praise: Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers.
Imperialism > “The White Man’s Burden,” Judge, 1890s
Imperialism > Occupation as an educational project
Imperialism > President William McKinley “civilizing” Filipinos
Anti-Imperialism > The Anti-Imperialist League
• Founded in 1898 in Boston
• Branches in New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, and other cities
• Among the founders:Jane Addams, founder of Hull HouseSamuel Gompers, labor leaderGrover Cleveland, former PresidentAndrew Carnegie, steel magnateIda B. Wells-Barnett, anti-lynching reformer and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded in 1909)
• Mark Twain was the League’s Vice-President from 1901 to 1910
Anti-Imperialism > Mark Twain as a savage