Welding Symbol Basic

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CONTENT:

Introduction

Definition: Welding

Welding Terminology

Basics of Welding Symbol

Welding processes and letter designation

BASICS OF WELDING AND

WELDING SYMBOLS

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• Weld symbols on drawings was originally published in 1982 based on

BS 499 (British Standards Institution 1980) ISO 2553 (International Organization For

Standardization 1979) ANSI/AWS A2.4 (American Welding Society-1979)

standards

• the current standards are ISO 2553 1992, BSEN 22553 1995, and ANSI/AWS A2.4 1998

• Purpose of welding in drawing - Shorthand for designers, - Assures understanding,- Universal language - Provides information on Length, penetration, height, grove type, number of welds, size of weld, filler material, weld shape, surface finishing,

Introduction

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Welding DefinitionsWelding is a process of joining two similar work pieces by melting them together, usually with an additional filler rod of some sort to take up space. Materials must be similar .

Welding is a joining process that uses heat, pressure, and/or chemicals to fuse two materials together permanently

The American Welding Society (AWS) definition for a welding process is "a materials joining process which produces coalescence of materials by heating them to suitable temperatures with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone and with or without the use of filler material".

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Welding Terminology Welded joint types - Structural joints which are

established by positions of the connected material relative to one another

Weld Types -Weld types define the configuration of the weld and its underlying design approach.

Most common areFillet weldsGroove welds

Welded penetration (for Groove welds) Weld symbols Size of weld Length of weld

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Welded Joint Types

There are 5 basic types of welded joints:

•Butt

•Lap

•Corner

•Tee

•Edge

ButtLap Corner

Tee Edge

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Weld Types

• Weld types are categorized by the weld shape or the type of groove that is filled with welding material.

• Most common types of welds are:– Groove– Fillet– Plug– Slot

• Other types of welds are:– Flange– Flare– Seam

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Weld SymbolsIt’s a small drawing that can be usually interpreted as a simplified cross section of the weld as below,

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Fillet Welds•Fillet welds are theoretically triangular in cross-section

•Fillet welds join two surfaces at approximately right angles to each other in lap, tee, and corner joints

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Groove Welds• Groove welds are specified when a fillet weld is not appropriate for the job

The configuration of the pieces may not permit fillet welding

A strength greater than that provided by a fillet weld is required

• Groove welds are made in the space or groove between the two pieces being welded

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Fillet Full penetration single bevel groove weld

Partial penetration single bevel groove weld

PlugFull penetration

double vee groove weld

Partial penetration single J groove

Groove welds fall into two categories

Full penetration – the entire member cross-section is weldedPartial penetration – just part of the member cross-section is welded

Weld penetration

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Tack Weld (Top right)

A temporary weld used to hold parts in place while more extensive, final welds are made

Continuous Weld

A weld which extends continuously from one end of a joint to the other

Stitch Weld (Bottom right)

A series of welds of a specified length that are spaced a specified distance from each other

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Location of Elements of a Welding Symbol

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•Reference LineReference Line -- Always Horizontal

Reference Line (Required element)

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Arrow (or Leader)

•Arrow LineArrow Line - - Arrow points to the line or lines on drawing which clearly identify the proposed joint or weld area.

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•Tail Tail - - The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the welding or cutting processes, as well as the welding specification, procedures, or the supplementary information to be used in making the weld.

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Welding Specification

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Both sides

Arrow side

Other side

All-around Melt through Backing or

spacer

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• Weld symbols are used to communicate the specific details and requirements of each weld to the welder

• Weld symbols are included on fabrication and erection drawings

Basic Weld Symbols

Leader Line

Horizontal Weld Line Tail

Basic Weld Symbol (Fillet weld symbol shown)

Note (Indicating this is a typical weld)

Length and Spacing of weld (In Inches)

Size of weld(In Inches)

Field Weld Symbol

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Size of Weld

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Size of Weld

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Length of Welds

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Size of Bevels

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8 Basic weld symbols

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• Gas Welding

• Arc Welding

• Brazing

• Soldering

• Resistance Welding

• Solid State Welding

• Other Welding

Welding Process

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WELDING PROCESSES

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Gas WeldingUses Flame from burning gas to create welding heat.

Arc weldingUses an electric arc to create welding heat.

Soldering: Bonding by melting a soft metal to the surface of pieces to be joined. Low temperature. Good for joining dis-similar materials. Most common solders are lead-tin alloys.

Brazing:Similar to soldering, but uses a higher temperature to fuse the filler metal to the work pieces. Stronger bond. (Includes "Silver Soldering") Work heated to pre-melt temperatures

Resistance Welding a group of welding processes which produces coalescence of metals with the heat obtained from resistance of the work to electric current in a circuit of which the work is a part, and by the application of pressure.

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Solid State Welding a group of welding processes which produces coalescence at temperatures essentially below the melting point of the base materials being joined without the addition of a brazing filler metal. Pressure may or may not be used.

Other Welding ProcessesThis group of processes includes those, which are not best defined under the other groupings. It consists of the following processes: electron beam welding, laser beam welding, thermit welding, and other miscellaneous welding processes in addition to electro slag welding which was mentioned previously.

CuttingWork is heated to melting point and beyond, and "cut" by oxidizing metal. (Literally burning it away).

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WELDING PROCESSES AND LETTER DESIGNATION

Oxyfuel Gas Welding

Oxyacetylene Welding (OAW )Oxyhydrogen Welding (OHW )Pressure Gas Welding (PGW)

Arc welding Carbon Arc (CAW )Flux Cored Arc (FCAW )Gas Metal Arc (GMAW )Gas Tungsten Arc (GTAW )Plasma Arc Shielded Metal Arc (PAW )Shielded Metal Arc (SMAW )Stud Arc (SW )Stud Arc Submerged Arc (SAW )

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Soldering Dip Soldering (DS)Furnace Soldering (FS)Induction Soldering (IS)Infrared Soldering (IRS)Iron Soldering (INS)Resistance Soldering (RS)Torch Soldering (TS)Wave Soldering (WS)

Brazing Diffusion Brazing (DFB)Dip Brazing (DB)Furnace Brazing (FB)Induction Brazing (IB)Infrared Brazing (IRB)Resistance Brazing (RB)Torch Brazing (TB)

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Resistance WeldingFlash Welding (FW)High Frequency Resistance (HFRW)Percussion Welding (PEW)Projection Welding (RPW)Resistance-Seam Welding (RSEW)Resistance-Spot Welding (RSW)Upset Welding (UW)

Solid State WeldingCold Welding (CW)Diffusion Welding (DFW)Explosion Welding (EXW)Forge Welding (FOW)Friction Welding (FRW)

Hot Pressure Welding (HPW)Roll Welding (ROW)Ultrasonic Welding (USW)

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Welding Symbol Basic

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