WELCOME

CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING

29 CFR 1926 - SUBPART L

SCAFFOLDING SAFETY

Introduce The Scaffolding Safety Program

Establish The Programs Role.

Discuss the components of an effective program.

Introduce ideas to help develop an effective program.

Introduce Basic Skills in the Recognition & Control of Scaffolding Hazards.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

Reduction of Injury and Illness Rates.

Daily Exposure to Fall Hazards by Thousands of Workers.

Efficiency Can Be Greatly Improved.

OSHA Safety Standards Require:

Establishment of a “Safety” Program Training Be Conducted Job Hazards Be Assessed Hazards and Precautions Be Explained

29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

1926 - CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

Subpart L - SCAFFOLDING

REGULATORY STANDARD

29CFR - 1926 - Subpart L

1926.450 Scope, application and definitions 1926.451 General requirements 1926.452 Additional requirements for specific types of scaffolds 1926.453 Aerial lifts 1926.454 Training Appendix A - Scaffold Specifications Appendix B - Criteria for Safe Access and Fall Protection Appendix C - List of National Consensus Standards Appendix D - List of Training Topics Appendix E - Drawings and Illustrations

REGULATORY STANDARD(Continued)

SUBPART L COMPONENTS:

BASIS FOR THE REGULATIONS

Safety Morale Productivity Employee well-being

9000 Scaffold related injuries occur annually in the U.S.

100,000+ work-related fall injuries annually.

Most workers who survive falls lose time from their job.

This training helps improve:

(Continued)

BASIS FOR THE REGULATIONS

Lack of supervision by competent person.

Improper scaffold platform construction.

Improper dismantling procedures.

Inadequate fall protection.

Poor scaffold access.

Inadequate footings.

Improper planking.

SCAFFOLDING PROBLEM AREAS:

SAFETY CASE STUDY #1

CITATION: FAILURE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE TRAINING.FAILURE TO PROPERLY MAINTAIN SYSTEM.

NARRATIVE: A 34 YEAR OLD BRIDGE PAINTER IN PENNSYLVANIA WAS ATTEMPTING TO PERFORM UNAUTHORIZED ADJUSTMENTS ON AN ELEVATED WORK PLATFORM SUSPENSION SYSTEM. A SCAFFOLDING SUPPORT CABLE SLIPPED CAUSING THE PLATFORM TO SHIFT. THE EMPLOYEE PLUNGED 364 FEET RESULTING IN INSTANTLY FATAL INJURIES.

SAFETY CASE STUDY #2

CITATION: FAILURE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE TRAINING.FAILURE TO PROPERLY MAINTAIN SYSTEM.

NARRATIVE: A 45 YEAR OLD MASONRY WORKER IN NEW YORK CITY WAS WORKING ON AN ELEVATED WORK PLATFORM. THE GUARD RAIL HAD BEEN TEMPORARILY REMOVED IN ORDER TO EXPEDITE TRANSFER OF MATERIAL TO THE PLATFORM. DURING THE TRANSFER THE EMPLOYEE LOST CONTROL AND PLUNGED 50 FEET RESULTING IN INSTANTLY FATAL INJURIES.

SAFETY CASE STUDY #3

CITATION: FAILURE TO PROPERLY MAINTAIN SYSTEM.

NARRATIVE: TWO BRICK LAYERS (35 YEARS AND 50 YEARS) WORKING ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE IN MISSOURI WERE ON A SCAFFOLD WORK PLATFORM. THE UNAPPROVED PLYWOOD FLOORING THEY WERE WORKING ON GAVE WAY CAUSING THEM TO PLUNGE 47 FEET RESULTING IN INSTANTLY FATAL INJURIES. THE WORKERS HAD HAD SCAFFOLDING SAFETY TRAINING.

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:

Five training areas.

Retraining as necessary to restore proficiency.

1. Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards.

2. Correct procedures for protection from above.

3. Proper use the scaffold.

4. Load capacities of scaffolds.

5. Requirements of Subpart L.

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS

REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:

Close-call event. Program related injury. Change in job assignment. New scaffolding equipment. New fall hazard or equipment. New fall hazard control methods. Failure in the fall safety procedures. Reason to doubt employee proficiency. Any changes rendering previous training obsolete.

Reduce fatalities. Reduce injury and illness rates. Acceptance of high-turnover jobs. Workers feel better about their work. Reduce workers’ compensation costs. Elevate OSHA compliance to a higher level of awareness.

SCAFFOLDING SAFETY TRAINING IS IMPORTANT

A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:

PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAM

Safety. Peace of mind. Reduced liability. Increased productivity. Reduced lost man-hours. Improved employee morale. Reduced or eliminated fines. Improved health of employees. Reduced injury and illness rates. Lower workers’ compensation costs. Because it’s the right thing to do!!!!!!

REASONS TO MAINTAIN AN EFFECTIVE PROGRAM:

10 Foot trigger height established for fall protection. Extensive training required for scaffold workers. Extensive training required for “Competent Persons”. Top Guard rails required to 36 inches before Jan 2000. Top Guard rails required to 38 inches after Jan 2000. Regular inspections required before each work shift. Regular inspections required after any event that could

effect the structural integrity of the scaffold system.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SCAFFOLDING:

BASIC SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

BASIC SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Conduct personal inspections before work shifts. Do not travel under elevated loads. Do not work over unprotected employees. Warn those below when necessary. Wear proper personal protective equipment. Report unstable footings or tie-offs immediately. Be observant for unstable or missing planking. Be observant for unstable connections.

(Continued)

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SCAFFOLDING:

(Continued)

A TRAINED AND “COMPETENT PERSON” MUST BE APPOINTED TO OVER-SEE SCAFFOLD ERECTION, DISMANTLING AND GENERAL USE.

BASIC SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

SITE EVALUATION

BEFORE YOU BEGIN SCAFFOLD ERECTION:

The site must be assessed. Potential hazards must be determined. Known hazards reduced or eliminated. Footing locations determined. Emergency procedures established. Periodic inspection intervals determined. Tie-off locations must be determined.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Know your site Emergency Response Procedures. Know your Emergency Procedures in advance. Immediately call 911, or the Emergency Response Team. Report: - Exact Location - Number of Victims - Nature of Emergency - Special Hazards Shut down heavy equipment and potential hazards. Clear unneeded by-standers away from the accident site. Be prepared to meet and brief rescue personnel.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

What to do: - Don’t Panic! - Control would-be rescuers. - Don’t sacrifice anyone else. - Deenergize electrical hazards. - Control on-site equipment.

Remember - Your actions could save a life!

Continued

ACCIDENT PREVENTION METHODS

FOOT AND VEHICLE TRAFFIC:

Control on-site vehicles. Control unauthorized personnel. Control contractors. Post signs and barricades. Warn and reroute public traffic. Install protective support barriers where needed. Review prevention methods on a regular basis.

SURFACE ENCUMBRANCES

MUST BE: Removed. Relocated. Supported to protect site personnel.

EXAMPLES INCLUDE:

Fencing. Posts. Telephone cables. Electrical cables. Electrical Access Boxes.

HAZARDS OF WATER ACCUMULATION

Adequate Precautions Must Be Taken When Footings Rest in Accumulated Water.

Controlling Water and Water Removal Must Be Monitored by a Competent Person.

Ditches, Dikes or Comparable Means Should Be Used to Prevent Surface Water From Eroding Footings or Other Support Surfaces.

WEATHER FACTORS

Don’t under estimate the effects weather can have. Weather can have a drastic effect on the site. Daily (or hourly) site inspections must be made. Consider protection from:

Lightning Flooding Erosion High winds Hot or Cold Temperatures

SITE INSPECTIONS

Daily inspections must be made by a competent person of:

When evidence is found of a hazardous condition, the exposed employees must be Immediately removed from the scaffolding and adjacent area.

Scaffolding Structural Integrity Adjacent Tie-Off Points Fall Protective Systems Footings and Connections

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Must be free from damage or defects that might impair proper function.

Must be used and maintained in a manner that is consistent with the recommendations of the scaffolding manufacture.

Must be examined by a competent person if damage occurs.

Must be immediately removed from service and identified as defective or needing repair.

THE MANUFACTURERS GUIDELINES MUST BE DETERMINED AND USED IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT SPECIFIC TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING ARE USED SAFELY AND CORRECTLY.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLING

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLING

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: Scaffolding must be inspected prior to use.

Scaffolding systems must be securely connected.

Scaffolding systems must be installed and removed in a manner that protects from collapse.

Scaffolding must not be subjected to loads exceeding design specifications.

Additional precautions must be taken to ensure safety before dismantling begins.

Continued

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLING

INSPECTION PRIOR TO ERECTION: RUST - Heavily rusted scaffolding equipment is a sign of

abuse or neglect.

STRAIGHTNESS OF MEMBERS - Mishandling, storing and transporting may case damage. Members must be in serviceable condition.

WELDS - Weld points should be checked before use for cracks or signs of weakness. Rewelds should be done according to manufacturer specifications.

COMPATIBILITY - Parts must be compatible with each other in order to ensure safe operation.

Continued

INSPECTION PRIOR TO ERECTION:

LOCKING DEVICES - Check for good working order and serviceability. Repair or replace if not serviceable.

COUPLING PINS - Ensure proper alignment with frame and leg structures. Repair or replace if not serviceable.

PIVOTED CROSS BRACES - Ensure proper alignment with frame. Ensure center pivot point is secure. Repair or replace if not serviceable.

FOOTINGS - Ensure proper alignment with legs. Check for proper operation of leveling mechanism. Repair or replace if not serviceable.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

FOUNDATION/SOIL CONDITION INSPECTION:

LOAD BEARING SOILS - Consider variety of soils and soil conditions. Consult an engineer if necessary.

DISTURBED SOILS - Take care not to excessively disturb soil where footings will be placed. Consult an engineer if necessary to ensure stability.

CONDITION OF FOUNDATION - Ensure load will be distributed over suitable ground area. Ensure foundations are level.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SUPPORT CAPACITY:

Must support own weight and 4 X the maximum intended load.

Suspension rope & hardware, 6 X the maximum intended load.

Stall load of scaffold hoist must not exceed 3 times its rated load.

Must be designed by a qualified person and built and loaded to design.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION:

Must be fully planked or decked.

No more that 1 inch gaps.

Maximum openings of 9.5 inches.

Platforms and walkways at least 18 inches wide.

Ladder jack, top plate bracket, roof bracket and pump jack scaffold at least 12 inches wide.

Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION:

Front edge of all platforms. No more than 14” from the face of the work. 3” from the face for outrigger scaffolds. 18” from the face for plastering & lathing operations.

Platforms 10’ and less to extend at least 6” but not more than 12” past support unless designed and installed and/or guarded properly.

Platforms greater than 10’ no more than 18” past support unless designed and installed and/or guarded properly.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION:

Each abutted end of plank must rest on a separate support surface.

Overlap platforms not less than 12” over supports, unless restrained to prevent movement.

On direction changes, any platform on a bearer at other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer laid second.

Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION:

No paint on wood platforms, except edges that may be marked for identification.

Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support. No mixed scaffold components used unless compatible

and integrity maintained. No modification of mixed scaffold components unless a

competent person approves. No components of dissimilar metals unless approved by

competent person.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION:

Higher than 4:1 ratio restrained from tipping by guys, ties, or equivalent.

Guys, ties, installed per recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height.

Bear on adequate foundations. Plumbed and braced.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SUSPENSION SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION:

Support devices, 4 X the imposed load. Outrigger beams; metal or equal and restrained. Stabilize outrigger beams. Direct connections evaluated by competent person. Consider safety and use of counterweights. Construction requirements for outrigger beams. Maintain minimum lengths for suspension ropes on hoists. Ensure no repaired wire rope is used. Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

SUSPENSION SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION:

Ensure properly sized eye splice thimbles are used. Ensure ropes are inspected by a competent person. No swaged attachments unless approved. No gasoline powered equipment. Inspect and use automatic brakes. Positive crank force must be in place to descend. Ensure system is tied to prevent swaying. Safety devices must not be used as platforms.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

DISMANTLING REQUIREMENTS:

Additional precautions must be taken to ensure safety before dismantling begins.

Plan ahead for the process.

Dismantling must be done according to manufacturer guidelines.

Arrange members according to type and inspect before transport and storage.

Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

INSTALLING AND DISMANTLINGContinued

USE REQUIREMENTS:

USE AND OPERATION

Never overload. No shore or lean-to scaffolds can be used. Systems must be inspected by competent person. Immediately remove, repair, or brace if found substandard. No horizontal movement with employees unless approved. Maintain clearance near powerlines. Erect, move, dismantle or alter only under supervision of a

competent person. No work on snow, ice covered platforms.

USE REQUIREMENTS:

ContinuedUSE AND OPERATION

Tag lines on swinging loads. Protect suspension ropes from heat, acid etc. No work during storms or high winds. Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

ACCESS REQUIREMENTS:

ContinuedUSE AND OPERATION

Must have safe access. No access by cross braces. Bottom access rung not more than 24” high. Rest platforms at 35 foot intervals. Access requirements for erectors and dismantlers set as

of (September 2, 1997). Can use some end frames for access. Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

FALL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS:

ContinuedUSE AND OPERATION

Required at 10 foot. PFAS* in lieu of guardrails on some scaffolds. PFAS* & guardrails on suspension scaffolds. PFAS* required for erectors and dismantlers where

feasible after September 2, 1997. Toprails after Jan 1, 2000, 38” to 45” high. Use crossbracing in lieu of top or midrails in some cases. Must follow manufacturers guidelines & specifications.

* PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM

FALLING OBJECT PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS:

ContinuedUSE AND OPERATION

Hardhats required. Protect employees below. Install barricades to exclude working below. Install toe boards at edges of platforms. Install panels and screens. Canopies allowed.

SCAFFOLDING SAFETY RULES

TIPS FOR SCAFFOLDING SAFETY: Provide adequate sills and base plates at all times. Use adjusting screws instead of blocking for leveling. Plumb and level all scaffolds during erection. Fasten all braces securely. Use compatible bracing. Do not permit climbing of cross braces. Ever. Use guy wires or properly restrain to structures. Institute safety precautions for power lines near scaffolds. Never use ladders on top of scaffolds to increase height. Never overload scaffolds beyond load limits. Always use proper planking and secure safely.

ContinuedSCAFFOLDING SAFETY RULES

PLEASE DON’T LANDON ME. I TOLD YOUNOT TO TAKE THATLADDER UP THERE.

SCAFFOLDING SAFETY RULES

TIPS FOR ROLLING-TYPE SCAFFOLDS: Do not ride scaffolds while repositioning. Secure or remove materials & equipment while repositioning. Apply caster brakes after positioning for work. Use buddy-system when positioning scaffolds. Do not extend adjusting/leveling screw beyond specifications. Consider effects of an overturn. Plan. Consider effects of electrical hazards. Consider the operating floor surface. Never exceed working height. Use manufactures guidelines. If you’re not sure, ASK!!

Continued

ContinuedSCAFFOLDING SAFETY RULES

PLEASE DON’T USE THAT THING AS ASKATEBOARD.

SCAFFOLDING SAFETY RULES

TIPS FOR SCAFFOLDING ACCESSORIES:

Continued

ALL SCAFFOLDING ACCESSORIES MUST BE USED AND INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE. ACCESSORIES AND THEIR COMPONENTS, MANUFACTURED BY DIFFERENT COMPANIES CANNOT BE INTERMIXED.

TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS

Remember, you control your facility or area! Review their procedures before starting the job! Determine their safety performance record! Determine who is in charge of their people! Determine how they will affect your employees! Protect your employees!