Transcript of Week11 final
- 1. Lecture 11 Introduction to Databases
- 2. Todays lecture outline
- 3. Databases1
- 4. Where are databases used? 1) Maintaining address-books 2)
Managing household budgets 3) Maintaining a home book-library
a.
- 5. Where are databases used? b. 1) Inventory tracking system 2)
Human resources/ payroll 3) Discipline specific databases
- 6. Where are databases used? c. 1) Police 2) Vehicle Registery
3) Banks 4) Tax records/ National IDs 5) All dynamic websites
- 7. Where are databases used? d. 1) Google 2) Amazon 3) Youtube
4) Websites having search facility
- 8. Databases Types2
- 9. Flat-file Databases2.a
- 10. Flat file tables Student Reg. No. ICT marks Student Reg.
No. ECA marks Student Reg. No. Student Name Home City City Province
Rural/ Urban
- 11. Student Reg. No. ICT marks 001 84 002 80 003 86 004 67 005
72 006 88 ICT instructors table A record, row or a tuple An
attribute or a column
- 12. Student Reg. No. ECA marks 001 72 002 83 003 66 004 87 005
82 006 91 ECA instructors table
- 13. Student Reg. No. Students Name Home City 001 Ahmad Karachi
002 Mustafa Lahore 003 Hassan Sukhur 004 Qasim Peshawar 005 Tayyib
Swat 006 Tahir Zhob Training Branchs table1 This column is shared
between all tables till now
- 14. City Province Rural/ Urban Karachi Sindh Urban Lahore
Punjab Urban Sukhur Sindh Rural Peshawar NWFP Urban Swat NWFP Rural
Zhob Balochistan Rural Training Branchs table2 This column is
shared with the table before
- 15. One flat file database Student Reg. No. ICT marks ECA marks
Student Name Home City Home Province CityRural/ Urban
- 16. 16 Q. Whos the best student? Suppose, we are interested to
find the highest scoring urban student. Problem: Searching a text
file will not be efficient for large sizes of text file. Reason:
One has to search sequentially through the entire file to gather
desired info. How can performance be improved?
- 17. Relational Databases2.b
- 18. Relational databases Student Reg. No. ICT marks Student
Reg. No. ECA marks Student Reg. No. Student Name Home City City
Province Rural/ Urban
- 19. Student Reg. No. ICT marks ECA marks 001 84 72 002 80 83
004 67 87 New table generated Total marks 156 163 154 Its easy to
find the highest-scoring rural student in the generated table
- 20. Relational Database Schema Student Reg. No. ICT marks
Student Reg. No. ECA marks Student Reg. No. Student Name Home City
City Province Rural/ Urban In a relational database, the schema
defines: 1) the tables, 2) the fields in each table, and 3) the
relationships between fields and tables.
- 21. Databases Management System3
- 22. What is a DBMS? A database management system is a software
system that manages databases. : 1) Data Housekeeping (e.g.,
creating/ deleting/ backing up tables; data entry) 2) Data Sorting
3) Data Searching 4) Data Query Response and Report Generation
- 23. What is a DBMS? A DBMS ensures the following: 1) Data
Integrity (correctness and consistency) Type Integrity (e.g., char
input instead of numeric) Limit Integrity (e.g., age cannot be
negative) Referential Integrity (e.g., referred item must exist) 2)
Data Accessibility (support for concurrency) 3) Data Security
(proper access control)
- 24. Data querying: SQL SQL is the standard database query
language SQL is a 4G Computer language (non- procedural query
specification language) : 1) Database schema creation/ modification
2) Retrieving/ manipulating database data
- 25. SQL example SELECT isbn, title, price, date FROM Book WHERE
price > 100.00 AND (date = '2004-04-16' OR date = '2005-04-16')
ORDER BY title; ISBN Title Author Edition InStock Price Date The
database table: Book
- 26. Popular DBMS4
- 27. Example DBMS: MySQL
- 28. Data Mining5
- 29. What is Data Mining? Data mining is the process of
(automatically) extracting useful information from data Also known
as Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) Data mining is used in:
1) Recommender systems 2) Pattern mining
- 30. Recommender Systems Youtube Amazon
- 31. Pattern Mining NZ team uses SAS data mining software for
making team strategy
- 32. Todays lecture summary
- 33. http://tinyurl.com/5hb8pp