Post on 18-Dec-2015
“We give the US Air Force its Wings”“We give the US Air Force its Wings”
Air Force Research LaboratoryAir Vehicles Directorate:
Cooperative Airspace Operations
3 March 05
Air Force Research LaboratoryAir Vehicles Directorate:
Cooperative Airspace Operations
3 March 05
Daniel ThompsonFuture Capability Lead,
Cooperative Airspace Op’sAir Vehicles Directorate
Air Force Research Laboratory
Daniel ThompsonFuture Capability Lead,
Cooperative Airspace Op’sAir Vehicles Directorate
Air Force Research Laboratory
Capability Focused Tech Investment
War Winning Upgrades for
Today’s Platforms
War Winning Upgrades for
Today’s Platforms
Superior Technologies for Future Aerospace
Dominance
Superior Technologies for Future Aerospace
Dominance
Cooperative Airspace Operations
Vision: Same Base, Same Time, Same TempoVision: Same Base, Same Time, Same Tempo
Based on JUCAS ICD, SAB Summer Study, Global Hawk ORD, OSD UAV Roadmap, Predator CDD
Partners in CAO:
AFRL: VA, SN, HE, MN, IF
DoD: DARPA, Navy, Army
Other: NASA, Industry
Reliable, Certifiable Systems & Software
Safe Interoperability & Coordination
Sense, Avoid, File & Fly
Transparent Ground & Air
Op’s
Collaboration & Teaming
Critical System Attributes:
• Reliable & Safe – Op’s in proximity to man
• Responsive/adaptive to dynamic missions
• As autonomous as needed, as interactive as desired
• Operations transparency
• Affordable & Certifiable
System of Systems
Decision Making
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy
Cooperative Airspace
Ops
Operations inOperations inmanned/unmanned manned/unmanned teamsteams
Capability Attributes Product
Safe operations Safe operations from airbases and from airbases and in airspacein airspace
J-UCAS 4-ship flight management
Multi-UAV distributed control
V&V of flt critical intelligent software
Terminal area & ground ops
Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control
Open architecture, highly reliable VMS
HALE UAV detect and avoid
Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops
Multi-vehicle see and avoid
Status As Of Aug 04
Product Area
Multi-vehicle
Teaming
Airspace Operations
Reliable Control
SW V&V
Cooperative Airspace Operations Attribute Availability Forecast
Far Term (15)Near Term (07) Mid Term (10)
BASELINEX-45, Predator
Manned/Unmanned Teaming
Safe Airbase/Airspace Op’s
Single coordinated UCAV package Adaptive to continue the mission V&V’able today
Min ATC Op’s – “See & Avoid” (1 v 1)
Flexible ATC & Ground Op’s – “File & Fly”
• n v m• GATM compliance
Equivalent ATC & Ground Op’s – “Same Time, Same Base, Same Tempo”Safety/Reliability – Equivalent to
manned systems
Distributed/Cooperative Control of multiple packages and ISR assets
Adaptive for max effectiveness in dynamic environment
Manned/Unmanned Teaming
V&V of intelligent and adaptive systems
Safe Airbase/Airspace Op’s
Safe Airbase/Airspace Op’s
Ability to operate w/o GPS
Manned/Unmanned Teaming
Human as Operator
Human as Supervisor
Human as Teammate
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy
Cooperative Airspace
Ops
Operations inOperations inmanned/unmanned manned/unmanned teamsteams
Capability Attributes Product
Safe operations Safe operations from airbases and from airbases and in airspacein airspace
J-UCAS 4-ship flight management
Multi-UAV distributed control
V&V of flt critical intelligent software
Terminal area & ground ops
Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control
Open architecture, highly reliable VMS
HALE UAV detect and avoid
Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops
Multi-vehicle see and avoid
Status As Of Aug 04
Product Area
Multi-vehicle
Teaming
Airspace Operations
Reliable Control
SW V&V
ReliableReliable AffordableAffordable AdaptiveAdaptive AutonomousAutonomous
ReliableReliable AffordableAffordable AdaptiveAdaptive AutonomousAutonomous
Control of Multi-Mission UAV Systems
Demonstrate TRL 6 maturity of critical integrated technologies to achieve reliable, affordable, adaptive, autonomous control for effective multi-ship combat
UAV operations
Demonstrate TRL 6 maturity of critical integrated technologies to achieve reliable, affordable, adaptive, autonomous control for effective multi-ship combat
UAV operations
ObjectiveObjective
• Compact, light weight, low cost VMS
• On-board, real-time, diagnostics
• Adaptive flight control
• Autonomous, cooperative flight mgmt
Reconfigurable, adaptive flight control
Reactive, autonomous, cooperative flight mgmt
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy
Cooperative Airspace
Ops
Operations inOperations inmanned/unmanned manned/unmanned teamsteams
Capability Attributes Product
Safe operations Safe operations from airbases and from airbases and in airspacein airspace
J-UCAS 4-ship flight management
Multi-UAV distributed control
V&V of flt critical intelligent software
Terminal area & ground ops
Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control
Open architecture, highly reliable VMS
HALE UAV detect and avoid
Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops
Multi-vehicle see and avoid
Status As Of Aug 04
Product Area
Multi-vehicle
Teaming
Airspace Operations
Reliable Control
SW V&V
Air Force Research Laboratory – Unleashing the Power of Innovative Aerospace Technology
Collision Avoidance with cooperative & non-cooperative aircraft
Interoperability with manned / unmanned aircraft
ATC Communications
Compliance with 14 CFR 91.113
Take-off & Landing
FAA Airspace Classifications
Weather Avoidance?
Safety & Reliability Issues Navigation
Command & Control Link
Operator Qualifications
Aircraft Airworthiness
Airspace Access
Sense-and-Avoid
Goal: Develop and Demonstrate Safe Multi-Vehicle Air Operations
Phases/Tech Availability:
Phase 1 (Manual): FY06
Phase 2 (Auto): FY07
Phase 3 (Multi-Veh): FY10
Technology Challenges:
• Cost Effective Sensing
• Sensor/Datalink/Avionics Fusion
• Equivalent Level of Safety
• Operations with close separation
• Enable UAVs to perform a wider range of Air Force missions
Non-GPS Landing & Ground-Ops
Goal: Develop and demonstrate sensor architectures and algorithms for UAV airbase operations without reliance on GPS availability
Tech Availability: FY09
Technology Challenges:Multi-purpose Sensor Integration
Cost Effective Sensing
Sensor/Datalink/Avionics Fusion
Real-time Data Interpretation
Manned System Equivalence
GPS
KalmanFilter
Autonomous Landing
Pos
Vel
INSImagingSensors
DTED & Maps
RadarAlt
GeoFix
Autonomous Terminal Area and Ground Operations
Goal: Develop and demonstrate equivalent airbase operations as manned operations: “Same base, same time, same tempo”
Tech Availability: FY12
Technology Challenges:Manned System EquivalenceMixed OperationsRobust SafetySensed Situational AwarenessOperator-Vehicle RatioV&V of On-Board Algorithms
Cooperative Airspace Operations
Product Area: Limited FOR DAA
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.3 Program
Other Funding
Leveraged Program
6.2 Program
Transition Point (TAD)
5 Technology Readiness Level
Products S1Spiral
Funded Transition
Unfunded Transition
6.1/SBIR Effort
HALE UAV DAA
ACAS
AFCST
AFRL/SN DAA
AFRL/SN 6
Limited FOR DAA
Global Hawk
Cooperative Airspace Operations
Product Area: Non-GPS Ground Operations
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.3 Program
Other Funding
Leveraged Program
6.2 Program
Transition Point (TAD)
5 Technology Readiness Level
Products S1Spiral
Funded Transition
Unfunded Transition
6.1/SBIR Effort
Devel sensing arch for UAV airspace
op’s -- SEFAR
AFCST
Non-GPS Gnd Op’s
Non-GPS Gnd Ops
6
5
TBD
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: See and Avoid
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.3 Program
Other Funding
Leveraged Program
6.2 Program
Transition Point (TAD)
5 Technology Readiness Level
Products S1Spiral
Funded Transition
Unfunded Transition
6.1/SBIR Effort
Devel sensing arch for UAV airspace
op’s -- SEFAR
HALE UAV DAA
ACAS
AFCST 6
TBD
5
Multi-vehicle SAA 6
See & Avoid
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: Terminal Area and Ground Operations
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.3 Program
Other Funding
Leveraged Program
6.2 Program
Transition Point (TAD)
5 Technology Readiness Level
Products S1Spiral
Funded Transition
Unfunded Transition
6.1/SBIR Effort
Devel sensing arch for UAV
airspace op’s -- SEFAR
HALE UAV DAA
ACAS
AFCST
Non-GPS Gnd Op’s
ATAO Reqmts
6
6
Refine/demo alg’s -- ATAO Sim
3
4
5
NASA Access 5
MISCU
Auton Term Area & Gnd Ops
Term Area & Gnd Op’s
TBD 6
3
Multi-vehicle SAA 6
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy
Cooperative Airspace
Ops
Operations inOperations inmanned/unmanned manned/unmanned teamsteams
Capability Attributes Product
Safe operations Safe operations from airbases and from airbases and in airspacein airspace
J-UCAS 4-ship flight management
Multi-UAV distributed control
V&V of flt critical intelligent software
Terminal area & ground ops
Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control
Open architecture, highly reliable VMS
HALE UAV detect and avoid
Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops
Multi-vehicle see and avoid
Status As Of Aug 04
Product Area
Multi-vehicle
Teaming
Airspace Operations
Reliable Control
SW V&V
Goal: Affordable Validation, Verification, & Certification of Flight Critical, Intelligent Software
Problem: Software is already a schedule & cost critical issue. Emerging UAV adaptive & autonomous functions will significantly expand this problem
Technology Challenges:
• Man & Machine Interoperability
• Learning/Adaptive Functionality
• Multi-vehicle System of Systems
• Mixed Criticality – Flight & Mission
• Sensor Fusion/Integration
Validation and Verification of Flight Critical Intelligent Software
Cooperative Airspace Operations
Product Area: V&V of Flight Critical Intelligent Software
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.3 Program
Other Funding
Leveraged Program
6.2 Program
Transition Point (TAD)
5 Technology Readiness Level
Products S1Spiral
Funded Transition
Unfunded Transition
6.1/SBIR Effort
VVIACS
CERTA-FCS
FWV Initiative, & Other Gov’t
Integrated SW Envir
Phase I – Definition & Metrics
Phase II – Development of processes
Phase III – Demo against relevant
application
TASS SBIRs
DARPA MoBIES,
PCES
Other VA
Affordable processes for flight critical intelligent software devel
and V&V
TBD
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy
Cooperative Airspace
Ops
Operations inOperations inmanned/unmanned manned/unmanned teamsteams
Capability Attributes Product
Safe operations Safe operations from airbases and from airbases and in airspacein airspace
J-UCAS 4-ship flight management
Multi-UAV distributed control
V&V of flt critical intelligent software
Terminal area & ground ops
Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control
Open architecture, highly reliable VMS
HALE UAV detect and avoid
Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops
Multi-vehicle see and avoid
Status As Of Aug 04
Product Area
Multi-vehicle
Teaming
Airspace Operations
Reliable Control
SW V&V
UAV Flight Management
Goal: Develop and Demonstrate Single & Multi-ship Flight Management – “As Autonomous As Needed, As Interactive As Desired”
Initial User/TAD: UCAV/TBD
Technology Challenges:
• Single & Multi-vehicle Control & Coordination
• Optimal Use of Resources
• Real Time Response
• On-board Situational Awareness & In- Situ Decision Making
• Limited Datalink Bandwidth
• V&V of Adaptive & Intelligent Software
Autonomy Continuum
Autonomous Control Level (ACL)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
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Off-Board Data
+ Sensed Data + Inference
Individual UAV
Multi-vehicle
Adaptive Health
Prognostic Assessment
Wide Separation
Close SeparationCollision Avoidance
Tactical Plan
Group Tactical Plan
Group Tactical Goal
Group Strategic Goal
Large Numbers, Complex
Environment
Off-Board Assess &
Replan
On-Board Trajectory
Replan
On-Board Group Replan
Group Assessment
Implicit/Predictive Replan
Diagnostic
Coordination
Adaptability
Intelligence
Airspace Op’s
Multi-vehicle Teaming
Hierarchical Control• Group planning and resource
assignment done by leader• Plan communicated and executed
by team members
6.3ACL5
Implicit Coordination• Each vehicle plans for all vehicles• Distributes the data and computing• Requires synchronized information• Facilitates transition to distributed
6.2ACL6
More flexible and efficient use of available resourcesMore flexible and efficient use of available resources
Distributed Control• Individual planning and
replanning• Group coordination
6.1ACL7-8
Cooperative Airspace Operations
Product Area: Multi-vehicle Teaming
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.3 Program
Other Funding
Leveraged Program
6.2 Program
Transition Point (TAD)
5 Technology Readiness Level
Products S1Spiral
Funded Transition
Unfunded Transition
6.1/SBIR Effort CMUS (Baseline, Tech Val)
DIReCT
DCAT
Selection/refinement towards end-application
needs -- DICCAT
4-ship JUCAS Flt MgmtCOE Cooperative Control &
Control Collaborative Center
DARPA SEC & MICA
Flight test of multi-UAV control -- DCACD
Multi-UAV Distrib Control
TBDMulti-UAV SBIRs
6
UAVOM
5
4
5 JUCAS
AFOSR, AFRL/MN, Navy (Future Naval Capabilities), & Army (Autonomous Cooperative Operations) Programs
ExACT