Transcript of Waysofseparatingmixtures 130925065643-phpapp02
- 1. Separation of Mixtures Identify the different ways of
separating mixtures. Determine how the different ways are used to
separate mixtures. Identify the ways in which Hand Picking,
Threshing, Winnowing, Sieving, Magnetic Attraction, Sublimation,
Evaporation, Crystallization, Sedimentation & Decantation,
Loading, Filtration, Distillation, Centrifugation, and Paper
Chromatography can be used in daily life.
- 2. A Mixture. o consists of two or more different substances
that are mixed but not chemically combined. o they do not have well
defined specific properties. o can be separated into its components
by physical means.
- 3. Rock-mixture of different kinds of rocks Sandwich- mixture
of bread, meat, tomato Examples of Mixtures Soda- mixture of sugar
and water
- 4. 2 Types of Mixtures The prefixes: hetero indicate
difference. A heterogeneous mixture is that which does not have the
same composition throughout, that is, its components are not
uniformly distributed and can be distinguished from each
other.
- 5. oExamples: Concrete Beach sand is heterogeneous since you
can see different colored particles Vinegar and oil salad dressing
is heterogeneous since two liquid layers are present, as well as
solids.
- 6. The prefixes: homo indicate sameness. A homogeneous mixture
is that which has the same composition throughout, that is, its
components are uniformly distributed and cannot be distinguished
from each other.
- 7. oExamples: Corn oil White vinegar A sugar solution A salt
solution
- 8. What are the different ways of separating mixtures? Hand
Picking Threshing Winnowing Sieving Magnetic Attraction Sublimation
Evaporation Crystallization Sedimentation & Decantation Loading
Filtration Distillation Centrifugation Paper Chromatography
- 9. Hand Picking
- 10. The components of a solid-solid mixture can be separated by
hand picking. This is only useful when the particles are large
enough to be seen clearly. For example separating pebbles from rice
or dal, separating grass from mint leaves, and separating parts of
a salad.
- 11. Threshing
- 12. Threshing is the method that generally used by the farmers
to separate the grains from the stalks after harvesting. The dried
stalks are beaten or threshed to separate the grains. However, in
large farms threshing is done by using threshing machines.
- 13. Winnowing
- 14. In Winnowing the mixture is allowed to fall from a height.
The lighten components get separated from the heavier ones because
of wind or air blow. This method is used to separate lighter husk
from heavier Grains like wheat.
- 15. Sifting or Sieving Sieving is used to separate a dry
mixture which contains substances of different sizes by passing it
through a sieve.
- 16. A sieve is a device containing tiny holes and separates
wanted elements from unwanted material.
- 17. Magnetic Attraction or Magnetism Magnetism is a process in
which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture
using a magnetic force.
- 18. Sublimation The process in which a solid changes directly
into gaseous state on heating is called sublimation.
- 19. oExample Iodine and ammonium chloride On heating, they do
not melt. Iodine changes into a beautiful violet vapor while
ammonium chloride changes into a white vapor. They change back into
solid crystal on cooling.
- 20. Evaporation Evaporation is a process in which a liquid
changes into gaseous form on heating. Allowing the liquid to
evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind.
- 21. Crystallization is a process which separates a pure solid
in the form of its crystals from a saturated solution.
Crystallization
- 22. Sedimentation and Decantation Sedimentation is the process
by which the insoluble, heavy solid particles settle down their own
in a solution. In order to separate the two, the liquid has to be
gently poured into another
- 23. container without disturbing the sediments. This process of
obtaining clear liquid by pouring a solution from a container in
order to leave the sediments in the bottom of the original
container is called decantation.
- 24. Loading Loading is a process which speeds up the
sedimentation. In fact, loading is a faster process as compared to
sedimentation.
- 25. Filtration
- 26. Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation
which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or
gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can
pass. oExample: Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee flavor
from the coffee beans.
- 27. Distillation the process by which a mixture is separated by
heating a solution and condensing using a cooling tube. The liquid
collected is the distillate. Distillation
- 28. It is the process whereby distilled water is produced and
accessible in the market Rain water is a product of distillation
Some medicine that has fish oil ingredients passes through double
distillation. Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil are
produced from petroleum by distillation.
- 29. The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
- 30. Salt remains after all water is boiled off.
- 31. No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.
Saltwater solution (homogeneous mixture) Pure water
- 32. Centrifugation Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials
go to bottom (outside) Separate blood into serum and plasma -Plasma
= less dense -Erythrocytes = red blood cells Check for anemia (lack
of iron)
- 33. Paper Chromatography Paper Chromatography used to separate
out one color from a mixture of colors.
- 34. Separation by Chromatography
- 35. oExamples: Using chromatography paper to separate ink into
its original components
- 36. Review Questions Exercise 1 Consists of two or more
different substances that are mixed but not chemically combined. a.
mixture b. compound c. substance d. solution
- 37. Answer Exercise 1 a. mixture
- 38. Exercise 2 A ____________________ is that which does not
have the same composition throughout, that is, its components are
not uniformly distributed and can be distinguished from each other.
a. mixture b. compound c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous
mixture
- 39. Answer Exercise 2 c. heterogeneous mixture
- 40. Exercise 3 A ____________________ is that which has the
same composition throughout, that is, its components are uniformly
distributed and cannot be distinguished from each other. a. mixture
b. compound c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous mixture
- 41. Answer Exercise 3 d. homogeneous mixture
- 42. Exercise 4 The components of a solid-solid mixture can be
separated by a. threshing b. hand picking c. winnowing d.
sieving
- 43. Answer Exercise 4 b. hand picking
- 44. Exercise 5 This is a process in which magnetically
susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic
force. a. sieving b. filtration c. paper chromatography d. magnetic
attraction
- 45. Answer Exercise 5 d. magnetic attraction
- 46. Exercise 6 (answer each question) Question 1 Why is a
chocolate chip cookie considered a mixture?
- 47. Answer Exercise 6 1. Chocolate chip cookie o They are
mixtures because they are made up of 2 different substances mixed
together (cookie and chocolate chips). o The individual parts keep
their original properties. o The parts can be separated easily by
physical means.
- 48. Exercise 6 Question 2 What are the two types of
mixtures?
- 49. Answer Exercise 6 Question 2 Two Types of Mixtures
oheterogeneous mixture ohomogeneous mixture
- 50. Exercise 6 Question 3 What are the different ways of
separating mixtures.
- 51. Answer Exercise 6 Question 3 Different Ways of Separating
Mixtures oHand Picking oThreshing oWinnowing oSieving oMagnetic
Attraction oSublimation oEvaporation
- 52. oCrystallization oSedimentation & Decantation oLoading
oFiltration oDistillation oCentrifugation oPaper
Chromatography
- 53. Exercise 6 Question 4 Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and
lubricating oil are produced from petroleum by _______________
.
- 54. Answer Exercise 6 Question 4 4. distillation