Post on 17-Dec-2015
Water SupplyAdvantage of water as extinguishing agent
Water Abundance
Excellent heat absorption qualities
Easily moved long distances
Easily stored
Sources of Water
Lakes
Rivers
Wells
Components of a Community Water System
Source: Lakes, Rivers, Wells, Springs Means of Movement: Direct Pumping,
Gravity, Combination Processing & Treatment: J.A.W.A. Storage: Elevated, ground level, Distribution: Primary 16” or larger
Secondary 12”
Distributors 6 - 8”
Dead end mains
Hydrants & Valves
Valves Outside Stem & Yoke
O.S.Y. Post Indicating Valve
P. I. V.
OPEN - SHUT Valve spacing 600’ -
800’ apart
Hydrants Wet - Dry Barrel 1500 g.p.m. light blue 1000 - 1499 g.p.m. Green 500 - 999 g.p.m. Orange Less 500 g.p.m. Red Spacing 300’ apart
min. 6” distributors Inspection & Maintenance
Types of Pressures
Static Water not moving, stored potential energy
ResidualRemaining Pressure after friction loss and elevation
have been absorbed.
Normal Normal daily fluctuations within the water system
Operating
Flow Pressure Pressure exerted by forward velocity of water stream
Hydrant Inspection & Maintenance
Obstruction: Landscape, fence, dumpsters,
Parking Damage Threads
Barrel
Yoke Operation Flushing
Flow Testing Pitot Tube
Hydrant Operations
Forward Lay
Hydrant to Scene FF Steps off Apparatus Removes Necessary Appliances
4 1/2 - 5 Storz or gate Valve
2 - 2 1/2 Hydrant Gates
Hydrant Wrench
2 1/2 Siamese
2 short 3” hose lines (Suctions)
Hose Clamp Remove Hose from apparatus and rap
Hydrant Signal Apparatus to move forward
Reverse Lay
Scene to Hydrant
Remove all equipment from Apparatus Remove desired Hose Advance Engine to Hydrant
Rural Water Relay Operations
Accessibility to source Adequate Water Supplies Quick Fill Time Quick Dump Time Tandem, Relay pumping ( 5” hose ) Tanker Shuttle
Drafting Equipment
Pump Portable Tank Hard Suction light weight not to be used on hydrants Strainer Rubber mallet Rope Hose tool Jet siphon
Fire HoseHand Lines
1 3/4 - small to medium fires
2 1/2 - Large fires
Supply
3 inch - master streams, wyes
5 inch - engine supply lines
NFPA 1961: Fire Hose
NFPA 1901: Standard for Fire Hose
Connections
Liberytville Fire Dept.
Fire Hose supplied
1 3/4” 500 feet plus - 50’ sec
2 1/2” 200 feet
3” 750 feet
5” 1000 feet - 100’sec.
Hose Components
National Standard threads Storz on 5” hose Male coupling - Discharge Female - Intake Rocker Lugs - (Spanner Wrench) Pin Lug - old style Higbee cut - indicators on Couplings Swivel Gasket Spanner Wrench
Hose Maintenance and TestingInspection
Mechanical Damage:
Jacket
Couplings
Thermal Damage:
Exposure to fire of debris
Organic Damage:
Mildew Mold
Rubber liner
Age
Chemical Damage:
Testing & Cleaning
Once a Year - 250 psi - 5 min
Plastic Hose
Soap - Water - Brush RE - BED HOSE
Cloth Hose
Washing Machine & Soap
Dryer or Tower
Hose Loads
Straight Roll Donut roll Twin Donut Roll
Flat Load Accordion Load Reverse Horse Shoe Triple Layer Load Preconnect
Hose Line Advancement Pull selected line Advance selected line to the determination Allow for obstructions Unfold kinked hose line FF should allow spacing between themselve
EXTINGUISHING PROPERTIES O F WATER
Characteristics of Water
Boiling point 212 degrees F.
Freezing point 32 degrees f
Density 1. 7.48 gals./cubic foot
2. 62.5 pounds/cubic foot
3. 8.3 lbs./gal.
4. Specific gravity of 1
Fire Streams
Direct application of water on burning material
Reduction of high atmospheric temperatures
Protection of firefighters and property by heat absorption
Dispersing smoke & gases
TYPES OF STREAMS
FOG STREAM - NARROW 15 - 45 Degrees
Wide 45 - 80 Degrees
STRAIGHT STREAM
BROKEN STREAM
SOLID STREAMS
Advantages Less Nozzle Reaction Better Visibility Greater reach Better stream penetration Solid Stream less likely to disturb thermal layering
Disadvantages No stream options Provides less heat absorption Not applicable for foam operations
FOG NOZZLE
Advantages Multiple Water Patterns Finer water drops, increase heat absorption capabilities
Disadvantages Increased nozzle reaction Disruption in thermal layering Less penetrating capabilities Less reach
Extinguishing Properties Cooling - Removes heat from the fire.
The finer the particles (greater surface area) of water the more readily the heat is absorbed.
Smothering - water - steam conversion
1 -1700 (Steam burns if ventilation is not aggressive)
May exclude oxygen
FRICTION LOSS
Gallons per Minute G.P.M. determines friction loss
Pounds/sq. in.
P.s.i. Pressure
Factors
G.P.M.
length of hose
hose size
Elevation
Appliances
WATER HAMMER
NOZZLES Nozzle Sizes: 1 1/2, 2 1/2, Master Streams Tip Sizes: 15/16 - 2 inches Volume: Low less 40 g.p.m.
Hand line 40 - 350 g.p.m.
Master Stream over 350 g.p.m. Types: fog, straight stream, cellar, electrical,
leader tip, penetrating, Low pressure Pressures: Hand line Fog 100 p.s.i.
Fog 70 p.s.i.
Straight tip 50 p.s.i.
Master Stream fog 100 p.s.i. Straight stream 50 p.s.i.
Types of Valves
Ball Valves
Gate Valves
Butter Fly
Clapper Valve
Appliances Wye Rope Hose Tool Siamese Hose Roller Hydrant Valves Hose Clamps Water thief Hydrant Wrench Water Curtain Spanner Wrench Manifold 2 1/2 - 1 1/2 reducer 2 1/2 Double Female 2 1/2 Double Male 1 1/2 Double Female 1 1/2 Double Female