Warning

Warning

Mandatory

Mandatory

Prohibition

Prohibition

SafeCondition

SafeCondition

Third angleProjection

Hatching

BSI Kite MarkTo make sureEveryone works To the samestandards

Sink

Sink top

Washbasin

Bath

Shower tray

WC

Window

Door

Radiator

Lamp

Switch

Socket

NorthSymbol

Sawn Timber

Concrete

Insulation Board

Brickwork

Floor plan

LocationPlan

Site orBlock Plan

Array (Rectangular)

Mirror

Circle

Rotate

Copy

Delete

Zoom

Chamfer

Ellipse

Hatch

Fillet / arc

Break / Trim

Circular / Ring array

Dimension

Wire frame models

Surface rendered modelSolid Model

Planometric

OrthographicSectional view

2 Point perspective

Oblique

1 Point perspective

Isometric

Exploded view

The Colour Wheel

Harmonising colours are beside each other on the colour wheel.

The following colours are harmonious:Yellow & OrangeRed & VioletBlue & Green

Contrasting colours are on opposite sides of the colour wheel.

The following colours are contrasting:Yellow & VioletRed & GreenBlue & Orange

Advancing colours appear to come towards you when you look at them.

Advancing colours are warm colours:redorangeyellow

Receding colours appear to move into the background when you look at them.

Receding colours are cold colours:bluegreenviolet

These colours are used to give a feeling of warmth to a drawing.

redyelloworange

These colours are used to give a feeling of coldness to a drawing.

bluegreenviolet

Tone

The tone of a colour is how strong or weak a colour is.By applying more coats of a colour its tone can be made stronger.

Tint & Shade

Tint & Shade

Tints are created by adding white to a colour.

Shades are created by adding black to a colour.

Red

Red

• Great power of attraction• Hot• Exciting• bold• Festive• Passionate• positive• Rage • Aggression• Danger• Courage• Speed

Yellow • Warm

• Sunny

• Happy

• Glowing

• Easily seen

• Luminous

• Bright

• Pleasant

• Lively

• Cheerful

Blue • Cool

• Elegant

• Sophisticated

• Formal

• Classy

• Aristocratic

• Serene

• Passive

• Reliable

Green • Cool

• Restful

• natural

• Calm

• Soothing

• Fresh

• Informal

Violet • Cool

• Negative

• Retiring

• Subdued

• Solemn

Purple

•Rich•Pompous•Impressive•Regal

Orange • Warm

• Happy

• Cheerful

• Energy

• Refreshing

• Sunny

Neutral Colours

• Greys• Natural• Neutral• Sedate

• Browns• Natural• Earthly• Safe

• Elegant• Dignified• Inconspicuous

• Reliable• Good

Black & White

• Luminous

• Positive

• Light

• Delicate

• Clean

• Subdued

• Solemn

• Profound

Using three primary colours, RED, YELLOW and BLUE

This creates visual excitement

Eg The colour scheme of The Early Learning Centre.

Advantages of CADReduced storage space required.

Previously, paper drawings would have required whole rooms to store the drawings for a building.

Now this information can be stored on a single disk.Corrections can be made easily.Before, whole drawings may have had to be reproduced on paper if a mistake has been made.Now a single line is deleted and redrawn in the correct place.Repetitive parts of the drawing can be saved and imported as part of a “drawing library”.Paper drawings require objects to be redrawn each time manually which is time consuming.Being able to call the parts in from a library saves the user time.It takes less time to produce drawings using CAD systems than traditional manual drawing methods.Drawings offices often produce their drawings using a standard layout so that people can immediately identify the drawings as belonging to that particular company.Templates can be set up on a computer to make this easier.No matter what size of drawing is being produced CAD systems can be used to produce them accurately.Grid Snap, Zoom and Attach commands are 3 examples of methods of producing accurate drawings easily.

CAD systems can be linked with CAM machines to produce objects straight from the drawings.This is referred to as CAD/CAMCAM stands for Computer Aided Manufacture.This is a cheaper and quicker method of producing the final product.Because 3D CAD designs are so realistic and can be made to look like the actual material they will be made from, clients can see exactly what is being made so a physical model is not required, reducing costs and the time it takes to design a new product.Designers can use powerful CAD computer packages to make virtual reality simulations of the layout of their buildings.This means that the client can have a “look around” the building before it is built and changes can be made at this early stage.This results in a faster design of the building and a higher quality end product.It is also cheaper to make any changes at this stage rather than while the building is being constructed.On an ever greater scale, the Internet can be used to share plans and designs with anyone in the world that also has an Internet connection.This means that specialised work can take place between different countries quickly and cheaply.

Disadvantages of CAD

Initial costs of buying a computer system are high.

As computer systems can be used to produce quicker CAD drawings less people need to be employed.

CAD/CAM systems also means less people need to be employed.

It takes a long time to make CAD drawings of the existing drawings a company already has.

Viruses.

Training time for new software.

Power cuts.

Hackers / Computer data theft.

Layering

Layering is building up of a drawing one section at a time. Each layer can be switched on and off.

Things can be viewed as separate sections or all the parts in their place ie. Electrics, plumbing, furniture etc

AnimationAnimation is like a film or cartoon that can only be watched.

Improves realism

Enables the creation of impossible action and stunts

Safer than filming with actors

Cheaper than filming with actors

SimulationSimulation is where you can interact with the software.

Computer simulations can represent real or imaginary situations. They allow users to study or safely try things that would be difficult or impossible to do in real life.

Flight simulator

Input DevicesKeyboard

Mouse

Joystick

Trackerball

Graphics Tablet

Optical Scanner

Digital Camera

Output DevicesVisual Display Unit

Dot Matrix Printer

Bubblejet (Inkjet)Printer

Laser Printer

Flatbed Plotter

Drum Plotter

                                    

Storage

Hard Disk

CD ROM

USB Pen drive

Micro disc

Memory card

External Hard Drive

MP3 or MP4 Player

Line Type6

1 Outline

2 Hidden

3 Cutting plane

4 Hatching

5 Dimension

6 Centre

Computer packages

Computer packages

DTP Desktop Publishing

Word Processing

CAD

Paint / Illustration

Hatching Different Parts

Dimensions

1 Columns Splits text into vertical parts (newspapers)

2 Rules Line below text or between columns

3 Margins Area of white space going round the page

4 Captions Description text below a graphic

5 Headers Text at the top of the page repeated throughout the document

6 Footers/Folio Line of text or page number at the bottom

7 Gutters Gaps between columns of text

8 Boxes Border round text or image

9 Reverses White text on black

10 Graphic/Image Drawing, image, picture etc

11 Headline Large text to show the content

12 Text Wrap Surround a diagram with text

13 Sub Heading A heading for a smaller part of the document

14 Alignment Text to the right , left or centre

15 Format Arrangement of text, text styles, graphics and columns

16 White space Large areas of space round a text or picture

16

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15 is all of the layout