Warm-up: Imagine that you are moving into the neighborhood shown below. Which backyard would you choose? Why?

One of your new neighbors proposes that the fences should be taken down forming one common backyard. List two advantages and two disadvantages of this plan. Then explain why you would approve or disapprove of your neighbor’s proposal.

Centrifugal Force

A force that divides people and countries

Centripetal Force

A force that unites people and countries

Common Market

A group of countries that acts as a single market, without trade barriers between

member countries

Supranational Cooperation A form of international cooperation

in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals

European Union

History of Europe

• Battleground – World Wars pitted European countries against each other.

History of Europe

• May 9, 1950 Robert Schuman made a famous speech about bringing Europe together which would lead to long-lasting peace

• European Coal and Steel Community – 6 countries – created a common market

• Same 6 moved to European Economic Community – reduced trade barriers for many goods.

• Became known as Common Market and more countries joined

Peaceful Cooperation

Peaceful Cooperation

• 1993 – 12 Common Market countries formed the European Union (EU)

Peaceful Cooperation

2012 Now 27 countries

Peaceful Cooperation

• Main goals – encourage peace and economic well-being

• Works to create jobs, protect citizens’ rights, and preserve the environment

• Promotes freedom, security and justice

Europe Prior to the EU• Hard for citizens to live or work in

another country• Each country had its own currency• Each charged tariffs on imports from its

neighbors – raised prices

Economic Forces

Unite Divide

Economic Forces that Unite the EU

What kind of force is this?

Economic Forces that Unite the EU

1. Common market – Allows goods and workers to travel more

freely across borders.– More choices of

what to buy– No tariffs =

lower prices– Workers can travel

freely to find jobs

Economic Forces that Unite the EU

2. Common currency – euro• In many EU countries it has replaced

the national currency• Easier to travel

and trade across the EU

The euro – a single currency for Europeans

EU countries using the euroEU countries not using the euro

Economic Forces that Unite the EU

3. EU trading bloc • Allows EU countries to have more power in

the global economy than they would have individually.

Economic Forces that Divide the EU

• What kind of force is this?

Economic Forces that Divide the EU

1. W. European nations are wealthier than those in Central or E. Europe

• EU spends large amounts of money on projects in poorer nations and some W. Europeans object to this

Economic Forces that Divide the EU

2. Workers in the West are higher paid

• Living costs are higher in W. Europe

• Some businesses have moved factories to the poorer E. European countries

Economic Forces that Divide the EU

• Some Western Europeans also worry about losing jobs to other EU workers who are willing to work for less money

Economic Forces that Divide the EU

3. Not all countries adopted the Euro in 2002• Three refused and kept their own: UK,

Sweden, Denmark.• Others are not allowed to adopt the euro

since they did not have a stable economy

Green – Countries that use the Euro

Blue – countries that chose not to or are not allowed to use the Euro