Post on 11-Jan-2016
WARM UP #3 10/13
Name the 8 characteristics all living things have (from last class).
DISCUSSIONTell how each one uses organization: (name
the sections) a. Grocery store b. Video store c. Library
Why do places need to be organized and not have items just anywhere?
NOTES #2 10/13 CHAPTER 3
Classification
Classify
To put things into groups based on similarities
TAXONOMY – The science of classifying living things
olive-backed forest robin, was found during a biodiversity expedition in Gabon. Scientists know little more about S. pyrrholaeumus other than it exists.
Leptotyphlops carlae was found in a patch of forest on the eastern side of Barbados. Thin as a spaghetti noodle and small enough to curl up on a quarter, it's believed to embody the evolutionary limits of snake smallness.
Only three specimens of Martialis heureka have been found, all outside the Amazon jungle city of Manaus — but that's all scientists needed to trace a direct evolutionary lineage to the last known ancestor of all living ants, a subterranean creature that lived 120 million years ago.
grey-faced sengi
Distant ancestor to elephants
Myrmeconema neotropicum does something no other parasite can: mimic fruit. The abdomens of infected ants swell and turn bright red, making them easy targets for berry-hungry birds who then spread M. neotropicum's eggs in their droppings.
Carpomys melanurus, or the greater dwarf cloud rat, found in the rain-forest treetops of the Philippines
Thawed from ice recovered two miles below the surface of a 120,000-year-old Greenland glacier, C. greenlandensis appears unchanged by its time in deep-freeze.
14 inches
A fossilized fish, found in Western Australia, is the oldest known vertebrate to give live birth. It is estimated to be 380 million years old and shows a mother fish giving birth. Pictured is an artist's impression of the birth.
Large DIVERSISTY of organisms:
over 10 million organisms on earth!
Nearly 70% of these are insects!
99% of all plant and animal species that have existed have already become extinct!
Why do we need to classify in science?
1. Show similarities between organisms
2. Show relationships between organisms
3. Easier to study and communicate information about organisms
VOCABULARY
• Unicellular – one cell• Multicellular – many cells
• Heterotroph – eats other things for food
• Autotroph – makes its own food from sunlight
Prokaryote – cell with no nucleus Eukaryote – cell has nucleus
EVERY LIVING THING IS PUT INTO ONE OF FIVE GROUPS CALLED
KINGDOMS
BASED ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS
VIDEO: 5 kingdoms
DURING THE VIDEO, fill out chart
Go to the back of your notes to fill out the chart
KINGDOMS1. MONERA (eubacteria) * unicellular * prokaryote * most reproduce asexually – splitting (don’t need a male and a female) * mostly heterotrophic – (absorb food)
EX: bacteria
OTHER FACTS: The first living thing on earth was bacteria!
Main importance: to decompose/ break down dead material
Many can cause diseases: such as typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and pneumonia
2. PROTISTA (250,000 species) * unicellular * eukaryote * mostly asexual reproduction * autotroph or heterotroph
EX: algea, ameoba, paramecium
OTHER FACTS: Found mostly in water
Importance: used in detergents, polishes, paint removers, insulators, fertilizers, deodorizers,
plankton (food for marine animals)
• One type causes malaria
The next kingdom was added in 1969
3. FUNGI (100,00) * mostly multicellular (except yeast) * eukaryote * reproduce by spores * most heterotrophic (breaks down and absorbs food)
EX: mushrooms, fungus, mold yeast
FACTS:Importance: for decomposing dead
organisms, helping plants grow, food, antibiotic Penicillin
Negative: some can be poisonous, kills plants (crops), infections such as athletes foot, spoil food, cause allergies
Mold is used to make cheese, soy sauce
Yeast for making Bread and beer and wine
2. PLANT (350,000)
* multicellular
* eukaryotic with cell walls
* autotrophic
* sexual reproduction - seeds
EX: moss, ferns, grass, trees
FACTS:
IMPORTANCE: oxygen for us to breathe, food, clothing, shelter, medicines
5. ANIMALIA (1,000,000)
* multicellular
* eukaryotic
* heterotrophic
* sexual reproduction
* most complex
EX: horse, dogs, birds, humans, bugs
NEW: 6th kingdom
ARCHAE - archaebacteria
“living fossils” – date back 3.5 billion years ago
Can live in extreme environments like volcanic hot springs or acid water
1st living thing - bacteria
WARM UP #3 10/6 5 pts1. List the 5 kingdoms.2. Which kingdom(s) is unicellular only?3. What do you call a cell that has a
true nucleus?4. What do you call an animals that
needs to eat food to survive?5. What do the fungi and plant
kingdoms have in common?
EACH OF THE 5 KINGDOMS ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER GROUPS BASED ON WHAT THE ORGANISMS HAVE IN COMMON….
LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
1. Kingdom (largest group)
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species (smallest group - all the same type)
Kings
Play
Chess
On
Flat
Game
Surfaces
LESS ORGANISMS IN A GROUP AS YOU GO DOWN
The lower you go, the more related the organisms in the group are because they have more traits in common
The last two groups, genus and species make up the scientific name
Canis lupus
Graptemys geographica
Mephitis mephitis
Bufo Americanus
Loxodonta africana
Ursus americanus
Gorilla gorilla
Panthera leo
Panthera onca
Apis mellifera
The classification of humans
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominadae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens