IN THE NAME OF ALLAH WHO IS THE MOST MERCIFULL AND BENIFICIAL

Vomiting: This is the reflex mechanism which cause the forceful expulsion of gastric content through the mouth.

(Anti-peristaltic movement of the G.I.T track )

VOMITINGVOMITINGPATHWAYSPATHWAYS

Ipecac syrup

Vomiting Centre (medulla)

StomachSmall intestine

Higher cortical centres

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

(area prostrema, 4th ventricle)

Memory, fear, anticipationSensory input (pain, smell, sight)

Surgery

SurgeryLabyrinths

Anaesthetics

Vomiting Reflex

Neuronal pathways

Factors which can cause nausea & vomiting

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Opioids

Sites of action of drugs

5HT3

antagonists

Sphincter modulators

Histamine antagonistsMuscarinic antagonists

Gastroprokinetic agents

BenzodiazepinesHistamine antagonistsMuscarinic antagonistsDopamine antagonists

Cannabinoids

Physiological. emotional sickness, sea

sickness , high altitude

GI tract disorderstoxins, infections,

obstruction, inflammation, motility disorders etc

Non-GI infections liver , pneumonia, other’s.

Pregnancy

Visceral inflammationpancreas, Gall bladder,

peritoneus etc

Other CNS disordersAnxiety, meningitis , raised

intracellular pressure etc.

Alcohol intoxication

MedicationsFood poisoning

Radiation explusion

Thank you!