Post on 28-Mar-2015
V.K. MITTALSUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (E)
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NEW DELHI
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN
EXISTING BUILDINGS IN PRACTICE
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
PREMIER CONSTRUCTION AGENCY OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
MORE THAN 150 YEARS OLD. ALL INDIA PRESENCE. MULTIPLICITY OF WORKS. STRONG TECHNICAL BASE ARCHITECTURAL, CIVIL, ELECTRICAL &
HORTICULTURE WINGS. CODES, SPECIFICATIONS & SCHEDULES WIDELY
FOLLOWED BY OTHER GOVT. DEPARTMENTS, AUTONOMOUS BODIES, CONSULTANTS.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS. CONSTRUCTION & MAINTAINANCE OF GOVT.
RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS THROUGH OUT THE COUNTRY.
MAINTAIN LARGE NUMBER OF PROMINENT BUILDINGS IN DELHI. PRESIDENT HOUSE, PARLIAMENT HOUSE. SOUTH BLOCK, NORTH BLOCK. VIGYAN BHAWAN, SUPREME COURT. MOST OF THE MINISTRIES OF GOVT. OF INDIA
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
A RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
TOOK INITIATIVE TO IMPLEMENT ENERGY CONSERVATION IN GOVT. BUILDINGS.
ENERGY AUDIT OF A LARGE NUMBER OF BUILDINGS CONDUCTED IN 3 PHASES.
PHASE – I
PRESIDENT HOUSE
PMO
SHARAM SHAKTI BHAWAN & TRANSPORT BHAWAN.
PHASE – II
PARLIAMENT HOUSE, NORTH BLOCK, SOUTH BLOCK, UDYOG BHAWAN, KRISHI BHAWAN, SHASTRI BHAWAN, NIRMAN BHAWAN, VIGYAN BHAWAN, SUPREME COURT
CENTRAL GOVT. HOSPITALS ETC.
PHASE – III
UPSC, NAGMA, AGCR, CAG, NIRVACHAN SADAN JANPATH ETC.
ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION IN COMMERCIAL SECTOR.
ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 8% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY SUPPLIED BY UTILITIES.
ANNUAL INCREASE 11-12%. AVERAGE ELECTRICITY GROWTH IN ECONOMY 5-6%. ANNUAL INCREASE ON ACCOUNT OF.
NEW BUILDINGS. INCREAS IN ENERGY INTENCITY OF EXISTING BUILDINGS.
STUDY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF EXISTING BUILDINGS INDICATE 5-10% GROWTH.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
COMMON SERVICES .
LIGHTING AIR-CONDITIONING, HEATING, VENTILATION. ELEVATORS. WATER SUPPLY (PUMPS). WATER HEATING (WINTER). COMPUTERS. PHOTO COPIERS. MISC OFFICE APPLIANCES.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
SOURCES OF POWER LOCAL SUPPLY COMPANY
(UTILITIES) DIESEL GENERATING SETS (STAND
BY)
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
COST OF POWER LOCAL SUPPLY – RS. 5/- TO RS. 6/- PER UNIT
(KWH).
DG SET SUPPLY – RS. 12/- TO RS. 14/- PER UNIT.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF POWER
RECEIVE - AT 11 KV. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMERS - 11 KV/415V. DISTRIBUTION TO VARIOUS LOAD THROUGH
LT PANEL & NETWORK OF UG CABLE AND RISING MAINS
METERING AT 11 KV. BOTH KWH AND KVAH METERING.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
METERED ENERGY=
CONSUMPTION IN SERVICES.+
LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION
(TRANSFORMERS + UG CABLE + PANELS)
CONSUMPTION IN SERVICES = INPUT POWER x TIME
INPUT POWER = LOAD DEMAND / EFFICIENCY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
FOR BEST RESULTS REDUCE CONNECTED LOAD REDUCE TIME IMPROVE EFFICIENCY REDUCE LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION.
BASIC FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
OF ENERGY – CONSERVATION
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
TURN ‘ON’ AS LATE AS POSSIBLE ONLY AS MUCH AS REQUIRED ONLY WHEN REQUIRED ONLY WHERE REQUIRED.
TURN ‘OFF’ AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE OPTIMIZE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS DAYLIGHT,
SOLAR ENERGY, FRESH –AIR. PREVENT WASTAGE / LEAKAGE (WATER, AIR). OPTIMIZE REQUIREMENT (SPACE, LUX-LEVEL, TEMP, WATER). USE DIFFERENT SPACE FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS -
WORKING ALONE OR MEETING FEW PERSONS, HOLDING LARGE MEETING, HAVING LUNCH /RELAXING.
REDUCE REQUIREMENT BY REDUCING HEAT GAIN / HEAT LOSS INFILTRATION / EX-FILTRATION (BUILDING ENVELOPE).
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
REDUCTION IN LIGHTING LOAD USE DAY LIGHT USE ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMPS & BALLAST. ISTALL LIGHTING CONTROL
OCCUPANCY CENSORS.MOTION CENSOR.
FIXTURES INSTALLED IN DAY LIGHT AREA PHOTO SENSOR.TASK LIGHTING.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
ADVANTAGES OF DAY LIGHT REDUCTION IN POWER BILL. REDUCTION IN LAMP REPLACEMENT
COST. REDUCTION IN MAINTAINANCE COST. REDUCTION IN AIR-CONDITIONING LOAD
WHICH WILL FURTHER REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION.
INCREASED PRODUCIVITY BY 16%
COMPARISION OF FL LAMPS
FLTYPE T-12 T5FEATURESLAMP WATTAGE 40 28LAMP DIA (M.M) 38 16LUMENS OUT PUT 2400 2900EFFICACY(Lm/W) 60 104CRI 65 72RATED LIFE 5000 20,000(BURNING HOURS)CONTROL GEAR EM-ECG ECGCHOKE WATTAGE 13-15 2TOTAL SYSTEM WATTAGE 53-55W 30W.POOR FACTOR 06 0.95SYSTEM VA 90 30CRI- COLOUR RENDERING INDEXSUN CRI - 100
COMPARISION OF T5& T-12
LAMPS POWER CONSUMPTION OF T- 12 LAMP
WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC BALLAST=40+15= 55W POWER CONSUMPTION OF T- 5 LAMP
WITH ELECTRONIC BALLAST. = 30 W DIFFERENCE IN POWER CONSUMPTOIN = 25 W SAVING IN ONE YEAR ON ACCOUNT OF
REPLACEMENT OF T-12 BY T-5 NORMAL OFFICE WITH 10 HRS.WORKING
= 250X10X25 X Rs. 6.5 = Rs. 406.
ROUND THE CLOCK THROUGH OUT THE YEAR = 365X24X25 X Rs. 6.5
=Rs.1423.50
POWER FACTOR
REASONS OF POOR POWER FACTOR
INDUCTIVE LOAD LIKE MOTORS (LIFTS, A.C. PLANT, PUMP MOTORS)
FL/DISCHARGE LAMPS WITHOUT CAPACITORS.
UPS/INVERTERS.
POWER FACTOR
SOLUTION
INSTALL CAPACITOR BANKS (APFC) WITH EVERY TRASFORMER IF BULK LOAD LIKE A/C PLANT IS CLOSE TO SUB-STATION.
INSTALL CAPACITOR BANK WITH LOAD (LIKE A/C PLANT) IF LOAD IS FAR AWAY FROM SUB-STATION.
POWER FACTOR
WHY POOR PF
CAPACITOR BANK NOT INSTALLED. CAPACITOR BANK INSTALLED BUT OF
INADEQATE RATING. CAPACITOR BANK NOT MAINTAINED. CAPACITOR BANK SWITCHED OFF TO
AVOIDE NOISE.
POWER FACTOR
COMPARISION AT VARIOUS PF VALUES
TRANSFORMER RATIO : 11KV /415V. LOAD = 1000 KW
PF = 0.7 0.8 0.95
KVA = 1428 1250 1052
LT SIDE CURRENT 1987 1739 1464
HT SIDE CURRENT 75 65 55
CURRENT RATIO 1.36 1.18 1
COPPER LOSS(IR) 1.85 1.40 1
POWER FACTOR
MAX LOAD AT VARIOUS PF TRANSFORMER - 1000 KVA PF MAX LOAD % INCREASE 0.7 700 KW - 0.8 800 KW 14% 0.95950 KW 36%
TRANSFORMERS
SAVING IN REDUCTION IN LOSS
REDUCTION IN LOSS = 1 KW TRANSFORMER USE = ROUND THE CLOCK LIFE = 20YEARS. REDUCTION IN LOSSES
IN LIFE CYCLE = 365X24X20X1KWH= 1,75,200 KWH
COST SAVING @ RS. 6.50 PER UNIT FOR 20YRS. = RS. 11,37,500/- PER YEAR. = Rs. 56875/-
PER MONTH = Rs. 4740/-
EFFECT OF VOLTAGE
LIGHT FIXTURES
COMPARISION OF 3 PHASE AND 1 PHASE VOLTAGE. SINGLE PHASE THREE PHASE
200 346210 364220 381230 398240 415250 433
LIGHT FIXTURES ARE RATED – 210-220V. VOLTAGE REDUCTION 1% WILL SAVE 1.1% ENERGY IN LIGHTING SYSTEM.
MAINTAIN VOLTAGE – 380-390V 3 PHASE FOR LIGHTING SYSTEM
LOAD MANAGEMENT
MAINTAN POWER FACTOR = 0.98-0.99. LOAD TRANSFORMERS = 50 to 55%. SWITCH OFF TRANSFORMERS BEYOND
OFFICE HOURS. USE MINIMUM TRANSFORMERS DURING
WINTER. KEEP THREE PHASE LOAD BALANCED.
LIGHT AND FAN
SWITCH ON ONLY WHEN REQURED. ENCOURAGE USE OF DAY LIGHT. USE ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMP & BALLAST. MAINTAIN DESIRED LUX LEVEL. MAINTAIN VOLTAGE BETWEEN 210-220V SWITCH OFF ALTERNATE LIGHTS IN
CORRIDORS. PROVIDE TASK LIGHT. USE ELECTRONIC REGULATORS IN PLACE OF
RESISTANCE TYPE.
WINDOW – SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONER
PROVIDE CENTRAL A/C PLANT IN PLACE OF LARGE NUMBER OF UNITS.
REPLACE OLD AND INEFFICIENT UNITS. PROPER MAINTAINANCE SWITCH OFF WHEN ROOM NOT IN USE.
WATER MANAGEMENT
PREVENT WATER LOSS. REDUCE WATER USAGE USE EFFICIENT PUMPS & MOTORS
LIFTS
PROVIDE VVVF DRIVE SWITCH OFF LIFTS DURING OFF PEEK
HOURS.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ACHIEVEMENT SO FAR.
SN. NAME OF BUILDING ENCON MEASURE IMPLEMENTED ACCESSED SAVING
1. PRESIDENT HOUSE ESCO 16%2. PMO ESCO 16%3. SHRAM SHAKTI BHAWAN
& TRANSPORT BHAWAN ESCO 16%4. NIRMAN BHAWAN 90% 7%5. UDYOG BHAWAN 80% 13%6. KRISHI BHAWAN 40% 10%7. SHASTRI BHAWAN 25% 6%8. NORTH BLOCK 50% 15%9. SOUTH BLOCK 50% 10%10. VIGYAN BHAWAN 80% 3%11. SUPREME COURT 40% 5%
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.
ACHIEVEMENT IN ENERGY CONSERVATION
UDYOG BHAWAN WAS AWARDED FIRST PRIZE OF
NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION AWARDBY
MINISTRY OF POWERFOR
THE YEAR - 2008.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT.
ENCON MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN UDYOG BHAWAN.
PROVISION OF POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PANELS. REPLACEMENT OF OLD OIL TYPE TRANSFORMERS BY
DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS REPLACEMENT OF OLD WATER SUPPLY PUMPS OF 10
HP BY 7.5 HP PUMPS REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL FLUORSCENT LAMPS
(4X40W) WITH ELECTRO MAGNETIC BALLAST BY T-5 LAMP FITTINGS.
PROVISION OF SOLAR WATER HEATING FOR CANTEEN IN PLACE OF ELECTRIC GEYSERS.
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.
OUT COME OF ENCON MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN UDYOG BHAWAN
2006-07 2007-08LAC KWH LAC KWH
ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PURCHASED FROM UTILITIES - 44.22 35.96
ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION THROUGH DG SET 0.146 0.471
TOTAL ANNUAL CONSUMPTION 44.36 35.91
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT.
ENERGY CONSERVATION ON GOING MEASURES
IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS ENCON MEASURES IN VARIOUS STAGES IN BUILDINGS.
CENTRAL AIR-CONDITIONING OF ONE FLOOR OF NIRMAN BHAWAN.
PROVISIONS OF SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS. PROVISIONS OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM IN
RESIDENCIES OF HONBLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT AND HONBLE MINISTERS OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
PROVISION OF CFL LAMPS IN PLACE OF INCANDESCENT LAMP IN RESIDENCES OF HONBLE MPS AND HONBLE MINISTERS OF GOVT. OF INDIA.
IN MARCH 09, DEPARTMENT DECIDED THAT ALL CPWD CONSTRUCTIONS SHALL HENCEFORTH BE GREEN.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ROAD MAP IN HOUSE MONITORING AWARENESS IN END USERS DISPLAY PLAY CARDS REGULAR TRAINING OF MAINTAINANCE STAFF GOOD HOUSE KEEPING PROPER MAINTAINANCE POST ENERGY MANAGERS INNOVATIVE/ OUT OF BOX SOLUTION
ENERGY CONSERVATION
CASE STUDY PROMINENT BUILDING SANCTIONED LOAD 3500 KW MAX DEMAND 4300 KW DG SET BEING OPERATED 3 TO 4 HRS PER DAY TO
MEET EXCESS OVER SANCTIONED LOAD LOAD BEING SWITCHED OFF BY ROTATION NUMBER OF WINDOW TYPE /SPLIT TYPE AIR-
CONDITIONERS INSTALLED (AVERAGE 1.5 TR) - 2000 Nos.
A.Cs MORE THAN 7 YRS OLD AND IN EFFICIENT - 1500 Nos.
AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION - 2.75 KW (PER UNIT 1.5 TR)
ACS INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED BY DIFFERENT GOVT. DEPARTMENTS
PROPOSED SOLUTION REPLACE OLD & INEFFICIENT ACS BY STAR RATED
AIR-CONDITIONERS POWER CONSUMPTION OF STAR RATED UNIT = 2 KW POWER SAVED PER UNIT = 0.75 KW POWER SAVED BY 1500 UNITS
WITH 0.9 LOAD FACTOR = 1012 KW
CASE STUDY
INVESTMENT COST PER UNIT STAR RATED (1.5 TR) = RS. 20,000/-
LESS SCRAP VALUE OF OLD UNIT (-) = RS. 3000/-
NET COST PER UNIT = RS. 17,000/-
TOTAL INVESTMENT FOR 1500 UNITS = RS. 255 LACS
CASE STUDY
ENERGY SAVED PER YEAR PER UNIT
=0.75(KW)X7(MONTHS)X22(DAYS)X9(HRS)=1039.5 KWH
TOTAL ENERGY SAVED (PER YEAR) =1039.5X1500X0.9 (LOAD FACTOR)KWH.
=1403325 KWH
COST OF ENERGY SAVED (PER YEAR)@ Rs. 5/- PER KWH =Rs.70,16,625/-PAY BACK PERIOD = LESS THAN 4 YEARS.
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS
REDUCTION IN MAX DEMAND BY 1000 KW NO NEED TO GET SANCTIONED LOAD
ENHANCED NO NEED TO OPERATE DG SET NO NEED TO SWITCH OFF LOAD BY ROTATION MORE COOLING USER SATISFACTION BETTER PRODUCTIVITY
METHODOLOGY - SELF REPLACEMENT OR
ESCO TIME - 3-4 MONTHS
CASE STUDY
WNDOW/SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONERS
THERE MAY BE MORE THAN 10,000 WINDOW /SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONER WHICH ARE OLD AND ENERGY INEFFICIENT.
IF REPLACED THE PEAK DEMAND CAN BE REDUCED BY 7.5 MW.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ADOPT
AS A
WAY OF LIFE
THANKS ALL OF YOU