VITAMINS AND MINERALS

VITAMINS

Function of Vitamins

• All of the following require vitamins to function properly:–Nerves–Muscles– Skin

Types of Vitamins

• Fat Soluble Vitamins–Vitamins that are transported through the

body by being absorbed and stored in fat.• Water Soluble Vitamins–Vitamins that are dissolved in water and

transported through the body.

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin A• Vitamin D• Vitamin E• Vitamin K

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin C• B Vitamins– Thiamin–Riboflavin–Niacin– Folate

Vitamin A

• Function– Enhances hair and skin

• Prevents–Night blindness

• Food Sources–Red, orange and dark green vegetables

Vitamin D

• Called the “Sunshine Vitamin”• Function–Manufactured by the body with exposure to

sunlight.–Works with the body to build and maintain

healthy bones and teeth.

Vitamin D

• Prevents–Rickets (softening of the bones)

• Food Sources–Added to milk products

Vitamin E

• Function–Protects membranes of white and red blood

cells.• Prevents–Neurological problems

• Food Sources–Oils (corn, olive, sunflower)–Nuts (almonds, hazelnuts and peanuts)

Vitamin K

• Function–Helps blood to clot

• Prevents–Hemorrhaging

• Food Sources–Dark green vegetables

Vitamin C

• Function–Helps to form collagen which holds the cells

together and aids in healing.• Prevents– Scurvy (swollen bleeding gums and the

opening of previously healed wounds)• Food Sources–Citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli and

tomatoes

B-Vitamins

• Function–Helps turn carbohydrates into energy.–Helps to promote a healthy nervous system.

• Types– Thiamin–Riboflavin–Niacin– Folate

Thiamin

• Also known as B1• Prevents–Beriberi (wasting and partial paralysis)

• Food Sources– Enriched and whole grain breads and

cereals

Riboflavin

• Also known as B2• Prevents–Premature aging

• Food Sources–Whole grains and milk products

Niacin

• Also known as B3• Prevents–Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and

death)• Food Sources–Meat, poultry, fish

Folate• Also known as:– Folic Acid– Folacin–Vitamin B9

Folate• Prevents–Neural tube birth disorders, such as Spina

Bifida – The fetal spinal column doesn’t close

completely during the first month of pregnancy. There is nerve damage that causes paralysis of the legs.

Folate

• Neural tube damage occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy before a woman may realize she is pregnant.

• Meeting the folate requirements before becoming pregnant is essential for prevention.

Folate

• Food Sources–Dark Green Leafy Vegetables–Broccoli– Liver– Legumes– Fortified breakfast cereals

MINERALS

Function of Minerals

• Most minerals help build strong bones and teeth.

• Others are used to make substances that the body needs.

• Minerals are usually needed in tiny amounts, but are critical to good health.

Food Sources of Minerals

• Minerals can be found in most foods–Dairy products–Animal products– Fruits–Vegetables

Types of Minerals

• Macro Minerals• Trace or Micro Minerals• Electrolytes

Macro Minerals

• Define–Needed in great quantities in the body

• Types–Calcium–Phosphorus–Magnesium

Calcium

• One of the most common mineral deficiencies in the United States.

• Calcium deficiency causes osteoporosis.• Osteoporosis causes bones to gradually lose

their minerals which makes them become weak and frail.

• Good sources of calcium are found in dairy products.

Trace or Micro Minerals• Define–Needed in smaller quantities in the body,

but are just as essential as macro minerals.• Types– Iron– Iodine– Fluoride– Zinc–Copper

Iron

• The other most common mineral deficiencies in the United States.

• Iron deficiency causes anemia, or low red blood cell formation.

• Animal products provide excellent sources of iron.

Electrolytes

• Define–Helps maintain the fluid balance in the body–Helps maintain the heartbeat–Helps muscle and nerve action–Can easily become imbalanced in cases of

dehydration, illness and diarrhea

Electrolytes

• Types– Sodium–Chloride–Potassium

Summary

• Vitamins and minerals are vital for a healthy diet.

• Without them, our bodies suffer from many illnesses that can be prevented.

• Eating a well balanced diet allows your body to benefit from the variety of vitamins and minerals found in foods.