Post on 03-Jan-2016
VISTAS Data / Monitoring
Overview
Scott Reynolds SC DHEC- Larry Garrison KY DNREPData Workgroup Co-Chairs
RPO National Technical Workgroup Meeting – St Louis MO
November 4, 2003
In the beginning..
What data is available?
What are most important components of
PM2.5 and visibility in the VISTAS region?
What are spatial and seasonal trends in
PM2.5 and visibility?
Data Analysis
Collect Data and Archive
Assessment of the Monitoring Data
Data Gap Analysis
Data Analysis
Southeast IMPROVE, EPA FRM and STN, and SEARCH, available for 1998-2001
Report by Air Resource Specialists available:
www.vistas-sesarm.org/data
Data AnalysisAnalysis of Visibility and Particulate Data Within the
VISTAS Region • Spatial and temporal characterization of PM2.5 mass
• Spatial and temporal characterization of the contribution of chemical species to PM and light extinction during periods of high, medium, and low extinction
• Characterization of the importance of each aerosol species to extinction
• Review of alternate methods to estimate extinction from PM measurements.
• Meteorological back trajectories for periods of high and low extinction or species mass.
• Potential tracers which are indicative of specific event types.
• Visibility parameters in states surrounding the VISTAS region.
Extin
ctio
n (M
m-1
) Coarse
Soil
Organics
EC
NH3NO3
(NH4)2SO4
Rayleigh
Dol
ly S
ods,
WV
Shen
ando
ah, V
A
Jam
es R
vier
Fac
e, V
A
Mam
mot
h C
ave,
KY
Sips
ey, A
L
Gre
at S
mok
y M
tns,
TN
Linv
ille
Gor
ge, N
C
Swan
Qua
rter
, NC
Cap
e R
omai
n, S
C
Oke
feno
kee,
GA
Cha
ssah
owitz
ka, F
L
Ever
glad
es, F
L
Shin
ing
Roc
k, N
C
Light Extinction on 20% Haziest Days - IMPROVE 1998 - 2001
50
100
150
200
250
0
Extin
ctio
n (M
m-1
)
Qtr
Light extinction on 20% Haziest Days per QuarterIMPROVE -1998-2001
Coarse
Soil
Organics
EC
NH4NO3
(NH4)2SO4
Rayleigh
0
50
100
150
200
250
Win Spr Sum Fall Win Spr Sum Fall
Great Smoky Mtns, TN
Cape Romain, SC
G R SM - 100m72-hr Back Tra jectory
S ite
Low est Extinction
H ighest Extinction
72-hr Back Trajectories for Great Smoky Mountains National Park 5% haziest and 5% clearest days in 1998-2001
Data Gap
Draft Report being finalized, but.. Network comparisons
Continuous speciation, Neph, RH, Ammonium,
Particle Size distribution
Source Apportionment- CMB, Factor analysis
Monitor the edges
Monitoring
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%UGRSM
OKEF
SHEN
MACA
COHU
SAMA
SWAN
SIPS
EVER
ROMA
SHRO
LIGO
JARI
CHAS
WOLF
OCRWDOSO
IMPROVE %U
Class 1 Areas
Monitoring
Monitoring
Primary objective:
Enhance existing monitoring to create a more complete database to evaluate the Atmospheric Models
Monitoring
Every Species
Everywhere
All the time
Monitoring
At a minimum, daily speciation is needed Need hourly ambient data to characterize the
diurnal profile of the various species In addition to the components of PM, we would
like: NH3, HNO3, NO, NO2, NOy H2O2, VOCs, SO2,
CO Met, RH, Optical
All at one place
Monitoring
Continuous fine particulate speciation SO4, NO3, Carbon, LAC
Continuous Mass Gasses
NOy SO2, CO, O3
Met, RH, Optical Four sites
Monitoring
Focus Site Monitoring
Everything running at: Look Rock
Speciation, Aethalometer, mass, gasses Cape Romain
The same .. Millbrook
Ditto, plus Harvard Sulfate and ARA NH4-NO3
Atlanta Aeth, mass, IMPROVE protocol (real soon..)
Hourly
Cape Romain 8/1-8/7/03
0
5
10
15
20
25
8/ 1 8/ 2 8/ 3 8/ 4 8/ 5 8/ 6 8/ 7
PM25C SO4 NO3 TC OC BC EC
Preliminary Data
Hourly
Average Diurnal ConcentrationsCape Romain Focus Site 8/1/03-8/7/03
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour
Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Organics LAC PM25C
Preliminary Data Reconstructed Mass
Still more to do… Monitor reliability is a … challenge Filter data needed as a reference Nephelometer at Cape Romain ‘Extra’ monitoring Data Archive
In addition…
..to adding continuous PM2.5 Speciation at the Focus sites
Added NH4 analyses for 10 IMPROVE sites Adding relative humidity at 2 IMPROVE sites Adding Nephalometer at CR (Real Soon)
Planning the collection and analysis of carbon for for CMB at 5 sites
Beyond Focus…
Monitoring WG looking at : Chemical Mass Balance / C14 HiVol collection
and analysis Support additional monitoring SHEN, MACA Colo IMPROVE protocol Alternate speciation methods Upper Air met Additional Neph Additional Data Analysis
Next Steps..
Daily and hourly variation in PM2.5 and visibility existing Focus Sites, add KY or VA site
Sources of organic carbon contribution of fire
Inter-regional influences Natural Background Visibility
fire, vegetative emissions, dust, sea salt
Natural Visibility
VISTAS Class 1 Area Visibility TargetsWorst 20% days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1988-
199
2
1990-
199
4
1992-
199
6
1994-
199
8
1996-
200
0
1998-
200
2
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
2034
2036
2038
2040
2042
2044
2046
2048
2050
2052
2054
2056
2058
2060
2062
2064
Dec
ivie
ws
5 y
ear
Ave
rage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Sta
ndar
d V
isua
l Ran
geM
iles
Everglades
Mammoth Cave
Median SVR
20
18
www.vistas-sesarm.org
Ammonium /Sulfate Molar Ratio