COMMUNITY ACCESS TO DATA ON

POLICE USE OF FORCE

“There’s so many little black and brown kids

dying by the police hand… There’s so much

that I want to do about it, but I don’t even know

what would actually help.”(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)

1919, CHICAGO 1964, HARLEM 2009, OAKLAND

“We want facts. We need history. We need

paperwork… It’s like now, we’re taking Oscar

Grant’s name in vain. All the people that died

before Mike Brown…”(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)

This National Police

Use of Force

Database was

mandated in 1995,

but never produced

comprehensive

data…

No capacity to link incidents

to

(de-identified) individual

officers – needed to inform

early warning systems to

prevent deaths.

Arrest-Related Deaths Program (BJS, suspended)

National Police Misconduct Reporting Project (CATO INSTITUTE)

National Police Violence Map (SINGYANWE, ELZIE,

McKESSON)

The Counted project (THE GUARDIAN)

No comprehensive national data on

deaths.

Also no capacity to link

incidents to (de-identified)

individual officers in order to

inform early warning systems

that can prevent deaths.

Police-Public Contact Survey (BJS)

WISQARS (CDC INJURY CENTER)

* Police Open Data Census (CODE

FOR AMERICA)

No comprehensive national data on

injuries.

ICD-9E970 INJURY DUE TO

LEGAL INTERVENTION BY

FIREARMS

ICD-10Y35.001A-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL INJURED, INITIAL ENCOUNTER

Y35.001D-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL INJURED, SUBSEQUENT ENCOUNTER

Y35.001S-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL INJURED, SEQUELA

Y35.002A-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, BYSTANDER INJURED, INITIAL ENCOUNTER

Y35.002D-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, BYSTANDER INJURED, SUBSEQUENT ENCOUNTER

Y35.002S-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, BYSTANDER INJURED, SEQUELA

Y35.003A-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, SUSPECT INJURED, INITIAL ENCOUNTER

Y35.003D-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, SUSPECT INJURED, SUBSEQUENT ENCOUNTER

Y35.003S-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, SUSPECT INJURED, SEQUELA

CDC requires hospitals

to come into compliance

with ICD-10 as of

10/1/2015

Although national data are limited, available

evidence suggests that some people are more

affected by violence in policing than others.

Black/African AmericanAmerican Indian/Native AmericanLGBTQ+Living in high risk neighborhoods

Mentally illHomelessSex workers

People who

are…

* Standard use of force reporting doesn’t capture some of these

factors, ex. perceived LGBTQ identity – but maybe it should…

PHYSICAL BATTERY

& DEATH

“[Police] told me I looked like a

robbery suspect. Beat my ass and

told me to get out of West Oakland…

for nothing”

(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)

Research suggests that members of

these groups are especially

vulnerable to…

SEXUAL ASSAULT

Some research suggests that the

prevalence of sexual assaults by

police is high among Trans women.

Very few data collection

instruments ask respondents

about sexual assault in

encounters with police at all.

LOSS OF TRUST

“We don’t really trust cops out here..

I’m more scared of them than of

anything else.”(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)

People who are afraid of the police

may not contact the police

- in an emergency

- to report criminal activity

- to offer witness accounts or evidence

Occupational stress

Post-traumatic stress

disorder

Problematic alcohol use

Are there health implications to

being partnered with an officer

who has a pattern of escalating

encounters?

Health impacts for police officers…

Violence in policing is a public

health issue.

- Request blank forms first to find out what data is available- Omit open text fields to minimize redaction delays- Request machine parseable data- Look into systems like Recordtraccodeforamerica.org/products/recordtrac/for your community.

The Police Open Data Censuscodeforamerica.github.io/PoliceOpenDat

aCensus/

Useful data local police agencies may collect: UOF reports, civilian complaints & settlement payments, stop data, incident reports…

Critical Public Health Research Collaborativecriticalpublichealth.orgfacebook.com/cphrg, twitter.com/cphrg

Reference collectioncriticalpublichealth.org/police-use-of-force-and-data-access/