VENEERS AND LAMINATES

SUBMITTED TO : BANKIM DAVE

AMI MERCHANT UMANG DALAL

FURNITURE DESIGN

What is veneer ?

• Veneer is the finest expression of wood. • It is a thin decorative covering of the wood

applied to any other material.• A thin layer of wood cut from log .

Manufacturing of veneer

• Decorative timber veneer is generally produced from the highest quality logs. This means that there are no faults such as knots , discolouration or gum vein. It is a visual grade rather than structural

Slicing and peeling

• Veneer logs are steamed or pickled to soften their structure and are then sliced or rotary peeled into leaves. The thickness of these leaves generally varies from 0.80 to 3mm

Grading and Joining

• Veneers are next graded for quality, width appearance and length and selected for use

• Bundles of veneer are next selected for use . Much goes into the production of veneered panels for use in architectural situations such as wall and ceiling panels

• The individual leaves of veneer are then straightened and cut to a consistent width on a guillotine, before being joined

Pressing

• The resulting sheets of veneer or ‘Lay ons’ are then pressed onto sheet material. This substrate may be MDF , Particleboard or Plywood depending on the end use

Characteristics• Recyclability & renewability: Wood has the least impact on total energy use , greenhouse

gasses, air & water pollution, solid waste & ecological resources use.70% less energy is required in the use of wood compared with any other building materials.

• Sustainability:- Using veneer extends the use of a piece of timber .The wood that

might be used in one solid piece a few visible cm wide can cover a far greater area when used as veneer.

• Toxicity:- Nontoxic; veneer stores carbon & also maximies the use of

harvested wood.

Properties• Appearance • Colour Permanence • Figure • Sound Insulation• Fire Safety• Moisture • Electrical conductivity

Types• Teak• Oak• Maple• Sandal• Birch• Beech• Ironwood• Sapeli• Roseheart• Patternwood.• No of types of trees are available types of veneers are

available.

• Thickness:• 0.5 mm , 1 mm , 2 mm

• Size:• 8’ x 4’ , 10’ x 4’ , 12’ x 4’

• Price:• Teakwood : 120 Rs / Sq Ft• Oak : 140 Rs / Sq Ft• Beech Wood : 90 Rs / Sq Ft• Maple : 70 Rs / Sq Ft• Ironwood : 193 Rs / Sq ft

• Polishes:• Mat : 70 – 80 rs / sq ft• PU ( Poly uretheyne) : 150 – 175 rs / sq ft• Lamination : 400 rs / sq ft

• Veneer are sticked by fevicol.• Different effects such as smoky , weathering etc are given to

veneers.• Black resin is used to give greyish tone ( metallic ).• Dyed veneers are also available .• Backing ply : 3 MM – 3.5 MM.

• Sapeli : 145 Rs / Sq Ft• Pear wood : 205 Rs / Sq Ft• Rose Heart : 170 Rs / Sq Ft• Pattern Wood : 145 Rs / Sq Ft

• 20 Rs / Sq Ft – 800 Rs / Sq Ft

• VENEER MATCHING• Veneer matching is a fine craft that, with skill, vision and

experience, truly can be a form of art. It allows people to express• what they imagine.The possibilities of patterns that can be created

are virtually endless. Matching may be broken down• Into three categories, each containing several sub-categories.• 1. Matching Between Adjacent Veneer Leaves.• Deciding between book-match, slip-match, random-match,

pleasing, and end- (or butt-) match.• 2. Matching Within Individual Panel Faces.• Deciding between running-match, balance-match, center balance-

match, and special matches.• 3. Matching Between Panels (Matching Architectural Panels).• Deciding if adjacent panels are to match, and if so, to what degree.

• Matching Between Adjacent Veneer Leaves • Book Matching• In book matching, every other piece of veneer from a flitch is• turned over so that adjacent leaves are “opened,” like the• pages of a book. Book matching is the most commonly used• matching technique and may be used with plain-, quarter-, or• rift-sliced veneers.

• Slip-Matching• Adjoining leaves are placed (slipped out) in sequence without• turning, resulting in all the same face sides being exposed.The• joint may not be noticeable if grain is straight. Slip-matching is• often used with quarter-sliced and rift-sliced veneers.

• Random (or Mismatch)• Veneer leaves are placed next to each other in a random• order and orientation, producing a “board-by-board” effect in• many species. Degrees of contrast and variations may change• from panel to panel.

• Pleasing Match• Veneer leaves are matched by color similarity, not necessarily• grain characteristics.

• End- or Butt-Matching• This matching style is often used to extend the apparent• length of available veneers for wall panels and long conference• tables. Leaves are individually book- or slip-matched, first• end-to-end and then side-to-side, alternating end and side.

• 2. Matching Within Individual Panel Faces• Running Match• Each panel face is assembled from as many leaves as

necessary.• Any portion left over from the last leaf may be used as the• start of the next panel. Running matches are seldom• “sequenced and numbered” for use as adjacent panels.• Horizontal grain “match” or sequence cannot be expected.

• Balance Match• Each panel face is assembled from veneer leaves of uniform• width. (When edge-trimmed the end leaves may be slightly• smaller.) Panels may contain an even or odd number of leaves• and distribution may change from panel to panel within a• sequenced set.

• Center-Balance Match• Each panel face is assembled of an even number of veneer• leaves of uniform width. Thus, there is a veneer joint in the• center of the panel, producing horizontal symmetry.

• Balance Match• Each panel face is assembled from veneer leaves of uniform• width. (When edge-trimmed the end leaves may be slightly• smaller.) Panels may contain an even or odd number of leaves• and distribution may change from panel to panel within a• sequenced set.

• Center-Balance Match• Each panel face is assembled of an even number of veneer• leaves of uniform width. Thus, there is a veneer joint in the• center of the panel, producing horizontal symmetry.

• Special Matches• Special matches can include names such as box, diamond,• basket weave, sunburst and reverse diamond, reverse box and• checkerboard match. Because there are no standardized• names for these matches, it is strongly recommended that the• design professional include both names and drawings for the

match to be sure the desired match is achieved.

What is laminate ?• A sheet of material made by bonding two or more

sheet or layers.• It is made out of paper , at the base there is a graph

paper , in middle there is a normal paper and at top there may be two papers Indian paper or European paper.

• It cannot be used in exterior .• It is affected by sunlight(color fades).

Process • Firstly craft paper is kept.• On it barrier paper is kept and the design paper is place on it.• On it tissue paper is placed and it is transparent.• All the paper are soaked in plastic based resins.• Brown paper which form base are soaked in melamine resin.• Soaked papers become hard and brittle after drying.• Then the layers are kept in a tray and is hot pressed by

cylinder , in each tray 16–18 laminates are made.• By hydraulic cylinders the sheets are pressed.

• After the laminate is made the back side is finished by sanding belt.

• Barrier paper is used only in light laminates.• Tissue paper is not used in metallic laminates.

Types• There are mostly to types of laminates:• A) High pressure laminates.• B) Low pressure laminates .

• A) High pressure laminates: They are manufactured by brand Sunmica or Formica , are hard decorative sheets that are commonly fixed by carpenters over plywood while making furniture.

• B) Low pressure laminates: They are only decorative paper is soaked in Melamine resin and the laminated paper is then directly bonded to Particle board or Fiber Board.

• Compact laminates : They are thicker type of laminates having thickness ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm . These laminates are self supporting and hence are glued to woods or any other material. Both the top and bottom side of compact laminates have decorative finishes.

• Metallic laminates• Edging laminates

• Polishes : PU if possible.

Properties• Strength• Stability• Sound insulation• Appearance• Can be permanently assembled by heat , pressure or

adhesives.

LAMINATES• THICKNESS:• 0.6 MM• 0.7 MM• 0.8 MM• 1 MM IS MOSTLY USED.

• SIZE:• 8’*4’• 10’*4’

• PRICE:• ROYAL TOUCHE-1400 Rs/SHEET TO 12000Rs/SHEET.• GREEN LAM-1300Rs/SHEET TO 11000Rs/SHEET.• METALLIC LAMINATE -2000Rs/SHEET TO 15000Rs/SHEET.• AIERO LAMINATE-1300Rs/SHEET TO 6000Rs/SHEET.• EDGE LAMINATE-STARTING FROM 600,900 Rs/SHEET.

Uses

• High Pressure Laminates:• Decorative:• Furniture• Joinery

• Structural:• Wet area panelling• Flooring

• Decorative laminates:• Furniture and joinery• Benchtops• Doors • panels

SUBMITTED BY

• GAJJAR DHAVAL (1414)• GALIAWALA PRIYASHI (1416)• JARIWALA DIPESH (1420)• JARIWALA JINAL (1421)• MEWADA ABHISHEK(1432)• PATEL VIVEK (1447)• SADIWALA KULDEEP (1448)• SHETH SALONI(1453)