UdR, Bogota, agosto 2008 1

Using technology to improve quality in education – 2Ian Johnson

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OVERVIEW

Research and teaching quality Journals as learning resources Growth and changes in journal

publishing The Open Access movement

Challenges for Open Access publishers

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RESEARCH AND TEACHING QUALITY

At the leading edge of knowledge

Specialist expertise

Confidence in the classroom

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RESEARCH AND SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION

Researchers seek Impact Recognition

PrestigeHonours

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ACADEMIC REWARD SYSTEM

Tenure and promotion

Based on research and publication

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PRESSURE TO PUBLISH

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GROWTH IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING

Scientific papers1870s – c.800 pa papers in mathematics2000 – c.50,000 papers in mathematics

Scientific journals 1800s – c.90 journals published2000 – c.16,000 journals published in

English (c.16,000 Spanish; 8,000 Chinese) Scientific publishers

1800s - Universities and societiesC20 - Commercial companies

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THE AUDIENCE FOR PRINTED SCHOLARLY JOURNALS

Journals are an essential tool for research and teaching

but Increases in the number of titles, andFixed or declining library budgets

resulted in Increases in pricesFewer salesFewer readersLess read

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CONCERNS OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY AND LIBRARIANS

Researchers could not easily access all publications in their field

Libraries could not purchase all titles required by academics

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CHALLENGES FOR LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCHERS (1)

Institutionally funded publicationNo incentive for

•Quality control•Regular publication• Improving distribution

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ACCESS TO LATIN AMERICAN PRINTED JOURNALS

CLASE - Latin American Citations in Social Sciences and Humanities -http://www.dgbiblio.unam.mx/clase.html

INFOBILA (Library and Information sciences) - http://infocuib.laborales.unam.mx/~ibt/infoweb.html

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CONSEQUENCES (1)

Not included in international indexing services

Incomplete collections Journal contents little known Journals not highly regarded

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CHALLENGES FOR LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCHERS (2)

Pressure to publish in English in journals indexed by ISI

Linguistic isolation

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CONSEQUENCES (2)

Best researchers may not publish in Latin American journalsLatin American research and scholarship

is not highly visible Awareness of new developments is

inhibitedTeachers cannot use journals to keep

students up to date Innovation and development is

inhibited

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Questions?Comments?

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ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING – A NEW QUALITY RESOURCE

Low distribution costs High investment costs

Added value featuresCross file searchinge-tables of contentsCitation linking

Digitising older material

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CONSOLIDATION IN THE INDUSTRY

Global market share of English-language scientific journals

28.2% - Reed Elsevier14.1% - Springer Science (incl. Kluwer) 9.5% - Thomson ISI 7.5% - John Wiley/Blackwell Publishing 3.6% - Informa Taylor and Francis 3.6% - American Chemical Society66.4%

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NEW BUSINESS MODELS

The ‘big deal’A package of journal titles

•Limits on selection•Prices based on print subscriptions

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GROWTH AND CHANGES IN JOURNAL PUBLISHING

Welcomed by researchersSignificant increase in journal availability

and use

Resented by librariansPublishers’ unfamiliar with customer care

A cause for concern for universities and research funders

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EMERGING ALTERNATIVES

Librarians trying to negotiate reduced prices

Researchers trying to encourage e-publishing

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OPEN ARCHIVES MOVEMENT

Documentation centres in 1960s 1991 : creation of the arXiv.org

physics archive by Paul Ginsparg 1997 : creation of the CogPrints

archive by Stevan Harnad 1999 - 2001 : creation of the Open

Archive Initiative (OAI) http://www.openarchives.org/

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E-JOURNALS ?

e-publishingGrowing number of e-journals publishers

•SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, 1997

•CLACSO Digital Library, 1998•AJOL – African Journals Online, 1998

Reorganisation of Chinese journal publishing, 1999-2002

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THE OPEN ACCESS MOVEMENT

Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), February 2002

http://www.soros.org/openaccess/index.shtml

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GREEN AND GOLD

BOAI recommended self-archiving ‘Green’ Open Access: a journal allows or

encourages the simultaneous deposit of peer-reviewed published papers in publicly accessible online repositories

BOAI encouraged open access journal publishing ‘Gold’ Open Access: a journal charges

nothing to readers for access to the electronic versions of articles published in it

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GROWING ENDORSEMENT OF OPEN ACCESS

Bethesda Statement, April 2003 Berlin Declaration, October 2003 OECD Declaration, January 2004 IFLA Statement, April 2004 Scottish Declaration, October 2004 Rio Framework for Open Science, June 2006

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OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL MODELS

Journals supported byAuthor payment per article

• Institutional or consortial membership • Free publication for those who cannot afford it

Start-up grants Commercial income – advertising and

sponsorshipVoluntary activity and involuntary support

Hybrid journals Delayed Open Access

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ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING IN LATIN AMERICA

Growing investment by commercial publishing companiesGrupo OceanoEBSCOHost, Thomson Learning,

Dialnet, ProQuest Continued pattern of

institutional subsidy

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SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online

550 journals from 8 countries (from 15,000+)Selection

•Regular publication•Peer reviewed•Financial contribution to SciELO

Back issues to 1997?

Colombia in SciELOhttp://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php/script

_sci_home/lng_es/nrm_iso

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OTHER LATIN AMERICAN e-JOURNALS

Library and Information ScienceALFA Project REVISTAS

c.300 journals published in Spanish and Portuguesec.220 from Latin AmericaNot all currently published

c.90 available onlinec.50 from Latin America

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AGGREGATORS OF OPEN ACCESS e-JOURNALS

Europe – DOAJ, EZB

Ibero-America – SciELO, RedALyC, LivRe, REI, RACO

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AGGREGATOR COVERAGE OF OPEN ACCESS LIS e-JOURNALS

Number of LIS e-journals inCatalan, Portuguese and SpanishSciELO

c.90

2LivRe 29RACO 3RedALyC 8REI 15

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Open Journal Systems/SEER

http://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/

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Questions?Comments?