Tom Sorg and Darren Lytle

USEPA

Cincinnati, OH

ETC Brown Bag Seminar

March 24, 2005

Cincinnati/DC

USEPA Arsenic Technology Demonstration Program

Arsenic Rule

• Arsenic MCL was reduced from

50 ug/L to 10 µg/L

• Established by EPA in January of 2001

• Compliance deadline - January 2006

Arsenic Chemistry

• Arsenic has two primary valence states:

As (III) As 3+ Arsenite

As (V) As 5+ Arsenate

• Arsenic Occurrence by valence state Surface waters - predominately As (V) Ground waters – usually found as As (III),

however, concentrations of As (V) or a combination of As (III) and As (V) can be found

Arsenic Chemistry

• Arsenic species- pH dependent

As (III) - H3AsO30, H2AsO3

-1, HAsO3-2

As (V) - H3AsO40, HAsO4

-1, AsO4-2

Arsenic Chemistry

What is the significance of arsenic speciation?

As (V) more effectively removed than As (III) by most treatment technologies

Arsenic Chemistry

• As III can be oxidized to As V by strong oxidants such as

chlorine,

ozone and

potassium permanganate

Arsenic Chemistry

Oxidation of As III

by aeration

is NOT

effective

Arsenic Demonstration ProgramBackground

• $20 million targeted to this effort

($12M EPA; $8M Congress)

• Full-scale, long-term (1 year) in scope

• Focused on commercially ready technologies or engineering approaches

Goals of Demonstrations• Determine the construction costs/operational costs.

• Determine performance of the new process.

• Determine the operational and maintenance requirements.

• Characterize the residuals produced by the process; quantity and chemical characteristics.

• Evaluate effectiveness of residuals disposal process and/or the impact of residuals on existing disposal process.

Two Year Program

• Round 1 Demo Sites

Funded - 12 projects

• Round 2 Demo Sites

Funded - 31 projects

FL

WV

WA

OR

ID MT

WY

ND

SD

NE

IA

MN

WI

IL

INOH

MOKS

CO UT

NV CA

AZ NM

OK

AR

KY VA

TX

GA AL

SC

NC TN

MI

MSLA

PA

CT

NJ

NY

VTNH

ME

MD

RI

DE

MA

Round 1 – 12 Sites / 9 States

FL

WV

WA

OR

ID

MT

WY

ND

SD

NE

IA

MN

WI

IL

INOH

MOKS

CO UT

NV

CA

AZ NM

OK

AR

KY VA

TX

GA AL

SC

NC TN

MI

MSLA

PA

CT

NJ

NY

VTNH

ME

MD

RI

DE

MA

Round 2 - 31 Sites / 19 States

*

*

**

*

**

*

***

**

* * *

*** *

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

**

*

Funding Ground Rules• EPA Funds

- Technology/System- Engineering/permitting- Installation- System operation for 1 year- Performance study costs

• Utility Funds- New facilities- Waste disposal system- Operators

Technologies Selected - Round 1

• New Technologies (11)9 Adsorption media system

7 Iron Media, 1, Iron Based, 1 AA

1 Anion exchange system1 Iron removal system

• System Modification (1)Iron removal process – Fe addition

Round 1 Arsenic Treatment Technology Demonstration Sites

Site Technology to be DemonstratedRimrock, AZ AdEdge Iron MediaValley Vista, AZ Kinetico Activated AluminaCity of Fruitland, Fruitland, ID Kinetico Ion ExchangeQueen Anne's Co, Stevensville, MD Severn Trent Iron MediaBrown City, Brown City, MI Severn Trent Iron MediaTown of Climax, Climax, MN Kinetico

Oxid/CoPrecip/FiltrationLidgerwood, ND Kinetico Modified TreatmentBow, NH ADI Iron Adsorption Rollinsford, NH AdEdge Iron MediaDesert Sands, Anthony, NM Severn Trent Iron MediaNambe Pueblo, NM AdEdge Iron MediaSouth Truckee Meadows, Reno, NV US Filter Iron Media

Round 2

• Includes non-transient non-community water systems (NTNCWS)

• Allows for demonstration of Point-of-Use/Point-of-Entry Approaches

• Multi-contaminant treatment

Changes from Round 1

Round 2 - Sites

31 Sites to be fundedStates - 19Sites per State - 1 to 3CWS – 28NTNCWS – 4Multi contaminant sites – 4(Uranium, radium, nitrate)Size – 7 gpm to 600 gpm

Round 2 Demonstration Sites

East

Felton, DLN. Springfield, RIGoffstown, NHDummerston, VTWales, ME*

(5)

Central MW

Sauk Centre, MNSabin, MN*Stewart, MNChateau Estates, OHGrove City, OHBuckeye Lake, OHGreenville, WISandusky, MIPentwater, MIDelavan, WI

(10)

MW

Breaux Bridge, LAArnaudville, LAStromsburg, NE**Lyman, NEWellman, TXAlvin, TXBruni, TX

(7)

Far West

Susanville, CALake Isabella, CAKlamath Falls, ORTaos, NMHomedale, IDOkanogand, WAThree Forks, MTTechachapi, CATohono O’odham, AZ (Sells)

Vale, OR

(10)

* System installed and operating.** System withdrawn from demo program.

Arsenic Demonstration ProgramDesert Sands MDWAC, Anthony, NM Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment System

Arsenic Demonstration ProgramBrown City, MI Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment System

MEDIA VESSEL

A

MEDIA VESSEL

B

INFLUENT(WELL #3)

IN-LINE SANDSEPARATION

Desert Sands MDWCAAnthony, NM

SORB-33TM TechnologyDesign Flow: 320 gpm

TCLP

POND

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

WeeklyMonthly

SS

Footnote(a) On-site analyses

pH, TDS,turbidity,

As (soluble),Fe (soluble),Mn (soluble)

TA TB

DA: NaOCl

IN

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,

As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg

TT

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),

alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),

Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg

AC

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),

alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),

Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg

BW

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn

LEGEND

LEGEND

INFLUENT Unit Process

InfluentIN

Backwash Sampling LocationBW

Sludge Sampling LocationSS

Process Flow

Backwash Flow

DA: NaOCl Chlorination

Total Combined EffluentTT

After ChlorinationAC

Vessel B EffluentTB

Vessel A EffluentTA

Wat

er S

ampl

ing

Loc

atio

ns

MEDIA VESSEL

A

MEDIA VESSEL

B

INFLUENT(WELL #3)

IN-LINE SANDSEPARATION

Desert Sands MDWCAAnthony, NM

SORB-33TM TechnologyDesign Flow: 320 gpm

TCLP

POND

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

WeeklyMonthly

SS

Footnote(a) On-site analyses

pH, TDS,turbidity,

As (soluble),Fe (soluble),Mn (soluble)

TA TB

DA: NaOCl

IN

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,

As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg

TT

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),

alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),

Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg

AC

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),

alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),

Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg

BW

pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn

LEGEND

LEGEND

INFLUENT Unit Process

InfluentIN

Backwash Sampling LocationBW

Sludge Sampling LocationSS

Process Flow

Backwash Flow

DA: NaOCl Chlorination

Total Combined EffluentTT

After ChlorinationAC

Vessel B EffluentTB

Vessel A EffluentTA

Wat

er S

ampl

ing

Loc

atio

ns

LEGEND

LEGEND

INFLUENT Unit Process

InfluentIN

Backwash Sampling LocationBW

Sludge Sampling LocationSS

Process Flow

Backwash Flow

DA: NaOCl Chlorination

Total Combined EffluentTT

After ChlorinationAC

Vessel B EffluentTB

Vessel A EffluentTA

Wat

er S

ampl

ing

Loc

atio

ns

Brown City and Desert Sands Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment Systems

Bed volumes treated x 1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Ars

enic

con

cent

ratio

n -

ug/L

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

BC Raw Water - (As III)BC Treated Water DS Raw Water - (As III)DS Treated

Brown CityAs III No Cl2

Desert Sands - As III w/ Cl2

DS lost Cl2 feed

Queen Ann’s County, MD Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment System

Queen Ann's County Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment Systems

Bed volumes treated x 1000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Ars

enic

con

cent

ratio

n -

ug/L

0

5

10

15

20

25

QAC Raw Water QAC Treated Water

Cl2 moved to before

treatment system

Climax, MN Iron Removal System

Climax, MN Iron Removal Process

Date - 2004/2005

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

Ars

enic

con

cent

ratio

n -

ug/L

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Iron

con

cent

ratio

n -

mg/

L

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Raw Water ArsenicTreated Water Arsenic Raw Water Iron

2004 2005

MCL

0.8 mg/L Fe added

Questions!

Tom Sorg

513/ 569-7370

Arsenic web site

http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/arsenic/