Use the outline given to you to create the Use the outline given to you to create the Thinking Maps.Thinking Maps.

Use the other notes on the Power Point to fill in Use the other notes on the Power Point to fill in your Vocab Listyour Vocab List

Use your notebook to write down any other Use your notebook to write down any other info you find significant on the Power Point.info you find significant on the Power Point.

http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html/Flags_and_Seals/Flag-Japan.JPG

KyushuKyushu

ShikokuShikoku

HonshuHonshu

HokkaidoHokkaido

Sea of JapanSea of Japan

East China SeaEast China Sea

Japan is located in Japan is located in the Pacific the Pacific Ocean on an Ocean on an archipelago, or , or chain of islands.chain of islands.

Four-fifths of Japan Four-fifths of Japan is mountainous so is mountainous so most people most people settled insettled in arable arable or farmable river or farmable river valleys and along valleys and along coastal plains. coastal plains.

Ring of FireRing of Fire

Japan lies in a Pacific region known as the Japan lies in a Pacific region known as the Ring of Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire. Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire. This region is This region is subject to frequent earthquakes and volcanoes.subject to frequent earthquakes and volcanoes.

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

Tsunamis, or huge tidal waves,Tsunamis, or huge tidal waves, can sweep over can sweep over land without warning. land without warning. Typhoons Typhoons are hurricanes in are hurricanes in

the Pacific Ocean.the Pacific Ocean.

What impact has geography had on Japanese life?What impact has geography had on Japanese life?

Geography of

Japan

Mountainous terrain

Island nation

Close to Chinaand

Korea

Farming is difficult

Barrier to political unity

Shintoism developed

Sea used for food, transportation,

isolation, protection

Cultural diffusion

ShintoShintoShintoShinto

PolytheismPolytheism

AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship

Natural features

Trees, rocks, and mountains

Natural features

Trees, rocks, and mountains

The Worldof the kami

The Worldof the kamiMinimizesin &guilt

Minimizesin &guilt

Great

CreatorGreat

Creator

How did Chinese culture influence Japan?How did Chinese culture influence Japan?

WritingWriting

Japan Japan adapted adapted Chinese Chinese system system to their to their

own own language language

and and ideas.ideas.

BuddhismBuddhismSpread and Spread and flourishedflourished

Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism (a sect) spread(a sect) spread

Values peace, Values peace, simple living, nature simple living, nature

and beauty.and beauty.

ConfucianismConfucianismStressesStresses

proper behavior, proper behavior, loyalty,loyalty,

honoring honoring parents (filial parents (filial piety) and piety) and respect for respect for

learninglearning

“Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument) should be avoided. Everyone has his bias (prejudice) and few men are far-sighted. Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds (arguments) with their neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony with each other an inferiors are friendly, then

affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of matters prevails

(do well).”~Prince Shotoku

What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be influenced by? Why?

B.B. The Japanese The Japanese kept some kept some Chinese ideas, Chinese ideas, and rejected and rejected others.others.

C.C. This is known as This is known as selective selective borrowing.borrowing.

D.D. For example, For example, there are Chinese there are Chinese symbols in written symbols in written Japanese.Japanese.

Japanese FeudalismJapanese Feudalism European FeudalismEuropean Feudalism

EmperorEmperor - - Highest position but no political power

ShogunShogun - - Actual ruler

DaimyoDaimyo - -Powerful landowners

SamuraiSamurai- gave protection for land

Code of BushidoCode of Bushido-- behavior code

SeppukuSeppuku- ritual suicide, rather than live without honor

Peasants and artisansPeasants and artisans-- provided food and weapons

MerchantsMerchants- gained status slowly

KingKing

Lords and noblesLords and nobles

KnightsKnights

Code of ChivalryCode of Chivalry

PopePope

SerfsSerfs

MerchantsMerchants- High Middle AgesLaterLater

Feudalism Emerges Feudalism Emerges While Japan had an While Japan had an

emperor, rival clans emperor, rival clans battled for control battled for control of rural of rural countryside.countryside.

Local warlords formed Local warlords formed groups loyal to groups loyal to them, not the them, not the emperor.emperor.

Real power lay in Real power lay in the the shogunshogun, or , or supreme military supreme military commander.commander.

The shogun gave The shogun gave land to vassal land to vassal lords called lords called daimyosdaimyos..

Daimyos gave land Daimyos gave land to lesser warriors to lesser warriors called called samuraisamurai, or , or “those who serve.”“those who serve.”

Like knights, samurai Like knights, samurai were heavily were heavily armed and trained armed and trained in fighting.in fighting.

They also had a code They also had a code of values, known of values, known as as bushidobushido, or , or “way of the “way of the warrior.”warrior.”

Bushido emphasized Bushido emphasized honor, bravery, honor, bravery, and loyalty to the and loyalty to the daimyo.daimyo.

A samurai who A samurai who betrayed the betrayed the code of bushido code of bushido was expected to was expected to commit commit seppukuseppuku, or , or ritual suicide, ritual suicide, rather than live rather than live without honor.without honor.

The samurai The samurai would impale would impale himself on his himself on his sword.sword.

Everybody ElseEverybody Else

Far below the samurai Far below the samurai were the peasants, were the peasants, artisans, and artisans, and merchants.merchants.

Peasants, who made Peasants, who made up 75% of Japan, up 75% of Japan, formed the formed the backbone of feudal backbone of feudal society.society.

Peasant families Peasant families cultivated rice cultivated rice and other crops and other crops on estates of on estates of samurai.samurai.

Some peasants Some peasants served as served as soldiers; rarely, soldiers; rarely, some even some even became samurai.became samurai.

NoblewomenNoblewomen

Some noblewomen Some noblewomen trained in the military trained in the military and became warriors.and became warriors.

There was no chivalry; There was no chivalry; warriors’ wives warriors’ wives endured hardships endured hardships and also owed loyalty and also owed loyalty to the lords.to the lords.

Failure to Conquer JapanFailure to Conquer JapanA.A. In 1274 and again In 1274 and again

in 1281, Kublai sent in 1281, Kublai sent huge fleets against huge fleets against Japan.Japan.

B.B. Both times, the Both times, the Japanese turned Japanese turned them back.them back.

C.C. A typhoon A typhoon ((kamikaze)kamikaze) even even destroyed one destroyed one Mongol fleet.Mongol fleet.

C

A

S

T

L

E

S

C

A

S

T

L

E

S

Unlike the solid Unlike the solid steel plates used steel plates used by European by European knights, knights, Japanese armor Japanese armor consisted of thin consisted of thin strips of steel strips of steel held together by held together by brightly colored brightly colored silk cords.silk cords.

The true samurai was supposed to have no The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of death.fear of death.

““If you think of saving your life,” it was said, If you think of saving your life,” it was said, “you had better not go to war at all.”“you had better not go to war at all.”

Samurai prepared for hardship by going Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.

It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”

Similarities between a samurai and Similarities between a samurai and a knight are…a knight are…

Differences between them are…Differences between them are…

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Japan:Japan:

A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Japan:Japan:

Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

Let’s compare European Feudalism to Let’s compare European Feudalism to Japanese Feudalism!Japanese Feudalism!

Japanese Culture: Japanese Culture: Past and PresentPast and Present

Title: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa

Artist: Katsushika Hokusai

Date: Edo period, c. 1828

Museum/ Source: Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii

Medium: Polychrome woodblock print on paper

Size: 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm)

Japanese ArtJapanese Art

Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.

Colorful woodblock Colorful woodblock prints became prints became popular.popular.

Torii Gate, Miyajima Torii Gate, Miyajima IslandIsland

Torii Gate, Miyajima Torii Gate, Miyajima IslandIsland

Torii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in Winter

Torii GateTorii GateTorii GateTorii Gate

Japanese TheaterJapanese TheaterA.A. KabukiKabuki plays plays

often portrayed often portrayed family or family or historical events.historical events.

B.B. Dressed in Dressed in colorful colorful costumes, actors costumes, actors used used exaggerated exaggerated movements to movements to convey action.convey action.

Kabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki Theater

An interior of a Kabuki theater.An interior of a Kabuki theater.

Chanoyu Chanoyu : Tea : Tea CeremonyCeremony

Chanoyu Chanoyu : Tea : Tea CeremonyCeremony

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse

Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper

FoldingFolding

Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper

FoldingFolding

Origami Origami : Modern : Modern AdaptationsAdaptations

Origami Origami : Modern : Modern AdaptationsAdaptations

CalligraphyCalligraphy CalligraphyCalligraphy

Literature Literature Japanese poets Japanese poets

adapted adapted Chinese Chinese models, models, creating creating miniature miniature poems called poems called haikuhaiku..

In only 3 lines In only 3 lines and 17 and 17 syllables, a syllables, a feeling is feeling is expressed.expressed.

Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem

Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem

Matsuo BashoMatsuo Basho, Master of , Master of HaikuHaiku

Spring departs.Spring departs.Birds cryBirds cryFishes' eyes are Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.filled with tears.

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism

A.A. During Japan’s During Japan’s feudal age, Zen feudal age, Zen Buddhism Buddhism emphasized emphasized meditation and meditation and duty.duty.

B.B. Zen stressed Zen stressed compassion for compassion for all yet samurai all yet samurai fought to kill.fought to kill.

At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to express devotion to nature in such activities as express devotion to nature in such activities as landscape gardening.landscape gardening.

Zen monks were the leading scholars and Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting shoguns seeking advice.shoguns seeking advice.

The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and love of beauty.love of beauty.

Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation

Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation

Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation

Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation

Japanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen Garden

Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden

Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden

Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden

Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden

ARIGATO!ARIGATO!