Urban Climate MapsUrban Climate Mapsaspects of thermal stress and air pollution

(climate change)

Prof. Dr. Lutz KatzschnerProf. Dr. Lutz KatzschnerUniversity Kassel /Germany

March 2011

UCMUCMMesoscaleIn 3 DIn 3 D 2 m

9

1

March 2011

March 2011

Types of urban heat islands following energy

4

Types of urban heat islands, following energy balance and heat fluxes

Near surface UHI (2 m)- Near surface UHI (2 m) (urban climatic map; ∆ PET)( p; )

- Surface UHI (0 m), surface temperaturesSurface UHI (0 m), surface temperatures- Subsurface UHI (< 0 m), soil data

March 2011

I Urban Climate MapI Urban Climate MapUrban analysis map with different climatopes wich are defined as aclimatopes , wich are defined as a classification system following climatic characteristics of entilation and rbancharacteristics of ventilation and urban heat island

II Urban Climate Recommendation MapUrban climate evaluations map for planning reasons and planning hintsp g

March 2011

Macroscale = global circulation pattern

Mesoscale = urban climate, regional circulationMesoscale urban climate, regional circulation

Microscale = local conditions

March 2011

March 2011

Draft Urban Climatic Map HCMC

March 2011

► perspective: to reduce the income energy in citiesusing adaptative matierialsusing adaptative city structures

Urban strategies and urban design guidelines to reduce health risks in cities are needed

March 2011

G f f lGreen roofs, roof colour

March 2011

Objectives

Immediat

time Scale spatial Scale

• Cool material-building &

Strategies Planning actions

Material & Surface Level

city EffectImmediateAlbedo

gpavement;

• Cool roof & facade; • Water retention paving;

Level Intervention

Vegetation • Planting & greeneries;• Parks & open spaces;

UHIThermalComfort

Building LevelShading

• Building geometric design;• Shelter design;• Street orientation;

Comfort

+ Level Intervention

g• H/W ratio;• Trees;

Ai th

WindDynamic

Urban &Ventilation

• Air paths;• Building ground cover

& building bulks;H/W ratio;

DynamicPotential

Urban & Planning Level Intervention

Local Effect(neighbourhood

scale)Long

term

Ventilation • H/W ratio;• Street orientation;• Open spaces;• Building disposition;

March 2011

Intervention scale)termg p ;

Gleiche Randbedingungen,Links: Innenhof mit Gras + BäumeRechts: Versiegelt

March 2011

Urban climate maps is at l i diff t ltool in different scales

↓Planning recommendationsPlanning recommendations

↓Improvements of thermalp

conditions

March 2011

Thermal and dynamic analysis

March 2011

Urban climate functions and geenery planning concepts

March 2011

HCMCBuilding density layer as one indicator for the urban heat island

March 2011

March 2011

urban climatic analysis mapurban climatic analysis map(climatopes)

March 2011

urban climatic analysis map ventilation conditionurban climatic analysis map(climatopes)

ventilation condition(wind aspect)

March 2011

Use of thermal calculations

microclimate conditions in 2009building simulations

facade

fwan

d kW

hEn

ergi

eauf

w

Heizwärmebedarf Kühlkältebedarf

inside                                                                          outside

March 2011AusveK

calculated microlimate for 2030building simulations

facade

ufw

and

kWh

Ener

giea

u

Heizwärmebedarf Kühlkältebedarf

inside outside

March 2011AusveK

U b Cli t M H KUrban Climate Map Hong Kong

March 2011

Layer structure of UC-AnMap

March 2011

Legend für recommendations

Classification name Description /PET C Evaluation

i h d i h t1 fresh air productions or

air pathminor roughness and minor heatcapacity mainly agriculturalareas; PET 22

very important for climateHigh protection

fresh air production on important for circulation to keep and2 fresh air production on slopes

Forests and trees; PET 24 important for circulation to keep andmaintain

3 mixed climates withl l i l ti tt

parks, gardens ; PET 26 important linkage areas, forsee theorientation and denisty3 local circulation pattern

p , g ; orientation and denisty

4 heat island potentials Urban areas with roughness but vegetation links; PET 28

thermal importance ; vegetationimprovement

5 heat islanddense built up areas withconsiderable roughness andheat load; PET 30

thermal and air pollution prpblems; mitigation through ventilation andvegetation; heat stress increasing

h th l l d h ld b6 heat island max Extremly dense areas nor

vegetation (city centre); PET 32

heavy thermal load should bemitigated, heat stress problems,extremely increasing

March 2011

March 2011

March 2011

Thank you