Post on 23-Sep-2020
___________________________________________________________________________
2017/SOM1/IEG/027 Agenda Item: 6.2
Update on Global Trends - Presentation
Purpose: Information Submitted by: UNCTAD
First Investment Experts’ Group Meeting Nha Trang, Viet Nam 23-24 February 2017
3/3/2017
1
APEC Investment Expert Group Meeting
Update on Global Trends
23 February 2017Nha Trang, Viet Nam
Ms. Elisabeth TuerkChief, International Investment Agreements (IIA) Section,
Division on Investment and Enterprise, UNCTAD
Outline: Update on Global Trends I. Trends in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
II. Trends in International Investment Policies • International investment agreements (IIAs) • Investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) • Investment facilitation policies
III. UNCTAD Policy Tools and Information Sources• Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable
Development (2012, updated 2015)• Roadmap for IIA Reform (2015)• Global Action Menu for Investment Facilitation (2016)• UNCTAD Guidelines for Coherent International Tax and
Investment Policies (2015)• IIA and ISDS Navigators
3/3/2017
2
I. Trends in Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI)
Global FDI flows fell 13% in 2016, as global economic growth remained weak and world trade volumes posted anemic gains
Source: ©UNCTAD, GITM.*Estimates
FDI inflows: global and by group of economies, 2005–2016(Billions of US dollars)
3/3/2017
3
Diverging FDI trends among the regions
Source: ©UNCTAD, GITM.*Estimates
Regional contribution to global FDI flows, 2015–2016(Billions of US dollars)
Developing economies continue to comprise half of the top 10 host
economies
Source: ©UNCTAD, GITM.
Estimated FDI inflows: top 10 host economies, 2016(Billions of US dollars)
3/3/2017
4
II. Trends in International Investment
Policies
2016 IIA Update: The IIA universe continue to grow: in 2016, 30 new IIAswere concluded; APEC economies were involved in 13 of them
Trends in IIAs signed, 1980-2015
3/3/2017
5
2016 ISDS Update: Investors continue using ISDS: 2016 saw 62 newknown treaty-based cases (less than in 2015, but higher than the 10 yearaverage)
Source: © UNCTAD, ISDS Navigator
Known ISDS cases, annual and cumulative, 1987-2015
Share of mapped BITs containing a transparency provision (Based on 1’768 mapped BITs, signed between 1986 and 2015)
Investment Facilitation: In the majority of existing IIAs, concrete investment facilitation provisions are either absent or weak, except for the following two provisions
Share of mapped BITS containingentry and sojourn of personnel division(Based on 1’768 mapped BITs, signed between 1986 and 2015)
Source: © UNCTAD, IIA Navigator; Investment Facilitation: A Review of Policy Practices (UNCTAD, 2017)
3/3/2017
6
2015 Update: More recently, a wider range of facilitation-related clauses have made their way into modern investment treaty making
• The chart shows some of the recently signed IIAs mapped against the 10 action lines contained in UNCTAD’s Global Action Menu for Investment Facilitation
Source: © UNCTAD, IIA Navigator, Investment Facilitation: A Review of Policy Practices (UNCTAD, 2017)
III. UNCTAD Policy Tools and Information Sources
3/3/2017
7
UNCTAD’s Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development
Source: © UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2016
UNCTAD’s Road Map for IIA Reform
UNCTAD’s Road Map for IIA Reform
3/3/2017
8
UNCTAD’s Global Action Menu for Investment Facilitation: Content
Available on UNCTAD’s Investment Policy Hubhttp://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/
Source: ©UNCTAD
UNCTAD Guidelines for Coherent International Tax and Investment PoliciesFor the relationship between IIAs and DTTs, see box V.5. of WIR 2015
16
Source: ©UNCTAD World Investment Report 2015
3/3/2017
9
THANK
YOU!
UNCTAD Online IIA-relatedDatabases
3/3/2017
10
UNCTAD’s online databases: Helping researchers and policymakers in keeping informed of the developments in an ever-evolving IIA regime
The IIA Navigator• The world’s most
comprehensive free IIA database, with over 3.300 investment treaties and model agreements
• Allows for advanced searches of IIAs by type, geography, status and full text
• Provides analysis on the latest policy developments
http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/IIA
UNCTAD’s online databases: Helping researchers and policymakers in keeping informed of the developments in an ever-evolving IIA regime (cont’d)
The IIA Mapping Project• A collaborative initiative
between UNCTAD and universities worldwide to map the content of IIAs
• Over 1.900 IIAs have been mapped to-date, for over 100 features each
• Serves as a tool to understand trends in IIA drafting, assess the prevalence of different policy approaches and identify treaty examples
http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/IIA/mappedContent#iiaInnerMenu
3/3/2017
11
UNCTAD’s online databases: Helping researchers and policymakers in keeping informed of the developments in an ever-growing universe of ISDS cases
The ISDS Navigator• A comprehensive and regularly
updated collection of treaty-based international arbitrations between investors and States
• Contains essential information about each ISDS case
• Offers user-friendly tools to search and filter the data
http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ISDS
22
UNCTAD Work on International Tax and Investment Policy Coherence (WIR 2015)
3/3/2017
12
Foreign affiliate fiscal contribution in developing economies: ~$730 billionGovernment revenues contributed by foreign affiliates of MNEsShare of government revenues, developing countries, 2012
23
Source: ©UNCTAD World Investment Report 2015
Some 30% of FDI is routed through offshore hubsNon-OFC inward investment stocks, by type of investorVertical view of the Offshore Investment Matrix (Per cent)
24
Source: ©UNCTAD World Investment Report 2015