Post on 16-Apr-2017
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Loïc Nunez
June, 2008 – UPA Conference
Ergonomics & Accessibility :WCAG 1.0 checkpoints illustrated by Bastien-Scapin’s ergonomics criteria
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
- Speaker
Use cases
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criteria
An extended approach to website auditing
Questions & Answers
Summary
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Summary
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Loïc NUNEZUser experience group Manager, TechSolCom
Member of AccessibilitéWeb
Msc. in Cognitive Ergonomics
Msc. in Social Psychology
Certified Accessibility Expert
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
-
Speaker
Use cases
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criteria
An extended approach to website auditing
Questions & Answers
Summary
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Before presenting use cases What does Web Accessibiity mean?
• Web Accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web (WAI)
• The W3C , in 1999, had edited a list of 65 criteria, separated in 3 levels:
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 1/7 Positioning content
Situation The price does not appear when users zoom the page
Magnified by 5
Best PracticeAlways closely group call to action with pertinent information
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 2/7 Three level menu
Situation The reader is overwhelmed by too many levels in the menu
Best PracticeLimit menu to two levels
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 3/7 Contrasts
Situation The contrast level defeats the purpose of the call to action
Best PracticeSimply increase contrast
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 3/7 Contrasts
Situation The contrast level defeats the purpose of the call to actions
Best PracticeProvide a tool with choice of backgrounds
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 4/7 Fonts size
Situation Users may have difficultyreading content due to font size
Best PracticeInclude a font size tool
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 5/7 Collapsed list
Situation Too many users miss this type of pull down menu
Best PracticeClearly identify the collopsed list
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Use Case 6/7 Long texts
Situation Long texts are difficult to read on a web page, and even more so when users zoom the page
Best PracticeProvide columns for long texts
Magnified by 5
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
- Methodology
Findings
Use Case 7/7 Top 200 accessible Web sites of 2007 in Quebec
Online studyhttp://www.accessibiliteweb.com/projets/evaluations/triennale-2007/en/
The assessment followed the level AA
A sample of 3 pages were considered:Home page, landing page and page with tables or forms
The most popular Canadian Web sites were selected
The assessment combined automatic, semi-automatic and manual evaluations
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
-Methodology
Findings
Use Case 7/7 Top 200 accessible Web sites of 2007 in Quebec
Online studyhttp://www.accessibiliteweb.com/projets/evaluations/triennale-2007/en/
Only 15% of Web sites assessed had an acceptable Web accessibility level.
This study means that 85% of Web sites probably do not cater to the needs of your target audience
Developing accessible Web sites help everyone of us to be a better citizen
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
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Summary
Speaker
Use cases
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criteria
An extended approach to website auditing
Questions & Answers
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer
Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
WorkloadWorkload
The Workload criterion concerns all interface elements that play a role in the reduction of the users’ perceptual or cognitive load, and in the increase of the dialogue efficiency.
This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Brevity - Information Density.
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Explicit Control The criterion Explicit Control concerns both the system processing of explicit user actions, and the control users have on the processing of their actions by the system.
This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Explicit User Action - User Control.
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Adaptability
The adaptability of a system refers to its capacity to behave contextually and according to the users’ needs and preferences.
The criterion Adaptability is subdivided into two criteria: - Flexibility - User Experience.
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Error Management The Error Management criterion refers to the
means available to prevent or reduce errors and to recover from them when they occur. Errors are defined in this context as invalid data entry, invalid format for data entry, incorrect command syntax, etc.
This criterion is subdivided into three criteria: - Error Protection - Quality of Error Messages - Error Correction.
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Consistency The Consistency criterion refers to the way
interface design choices (codes, naming, formats, procedures, etc.) are maintained in similar contexts, and are different when applied to different contexts.
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Significance of codes
The Significance of Codes criterion qualifies the relationship between a term and/or a sign and its reference. Codes and names are significant to the users when there is a strong semantic relationship between such codes and the items or actions they refer to.
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Significance of codes
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Compatibility The Compatibility criterion refers to the match between users’
characteristics (memory, perceptions, customs, skills, age, expectations, etc.) and task characteristics on the one hand, and the organisation of the output, input, and dialogue for a given application, on the other hand. This criterion also concerns the coherence between environments and between applications.
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Significance of codes
Compatibility
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criteria
Accessibility directives & how they relate to usability principles
– WCAG 1.0 rules and checkpoints reorganized– WCAG 1.0 checkpoints classified by themes
Ergonomic Criteria for the Evaluation ofHuman-Computer Interfaces
http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070012
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themesStructure Structure
Such as: Semantic information to pages and sites (title tag), header elements to convey document structure (h1 to h6), etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Guidance &Consistency
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themesTextual Equivalents
Structure Textual Equivalent
Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like images, imagemaps, animations, etc. (in the form of alt, title or longdesc attributes), etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Consistency
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Multimedia Content
Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like animations, video, audio, applets, downloadable documents, etc. (with appropriate means), etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Consistency
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Forms
Such as: Creating explicit associations between labels and form controls, dividing large blocks of information into more manageable groups, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Guidance, Explicit Control, Error Management & Significance of codes
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Tables
Such as: Identifying row and column headers for data tables, associating data cells and header cells with proper markup, not using tables for layout unless the table makes sense when linearized, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Guidance, Workload, Adaptability & Significance of codes
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Page Layout
Such as: Using CSS to control layout and presentation, organizing documents so they may be read without CSS, ensuring that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Adaptability
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Validation
Such as: Creating documents that validate to published formal grammars, avoiding deprecated features of W3C technologies, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
N ̸ A
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Interactivity
Such as: Ensuring that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported, ensuring that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Guidance, Consistency & Compatibility
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Navigation
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Navigation
Such as: Using navigation mechanisms in a consistent manner, not using markup to redirect pages automatically, not creating periodically auto-refreshing pages, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Guidance, Workload & Consistency
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Comprehension
Navigation
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Comprehension
Such as: Using the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content, clearly identifying changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Workload & Significance of codes
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
WCAG 1.0 themes
Frames
Comprehension
Navigation
Interactivity
Validation
Page Layout
Tables
Forms
Multimedia Content
Textual Equivalents
Structure Frames
Such as: Titling each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation, describing the purpose of frames and how frames relate to each other if it is not obvious by frame titles alone, etc.
Merged with Bastien-Scapin’s criteria
Explicit Control
accessibiliteweb.org (FR)http://www.accessibiliteweb.org/bdc/directives/theme/
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Merged summary of criteria & themes relationship
Guidance
Workload
Explicit Control
Adaptability
Error Management
Consistency
Significance of codes
Compatibility
Structure – Forms –Tables – Links – Colors – Interactivity - Navigation
Forms – Tables – Multimedia content – Navigation - Comprehension
Interactivity – Multimedia content – Forms - Frames
Tables – Page Layout –Multimedia content
Forms – User controls
Structure – Text equivalent – Interactivity – Navigation - Colors
Forms – Tables - Comprehension
Multimedia content – Interactivity
Bastien-Scapin’s criteria WCAG 1.0 Themes
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
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Summary
Speaker
Use cases
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criteria
An extended approach to website auditing
Questions & Answers
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
An extended approach to Website auditing• Conduct an ergonomics audit based on Scapin-Bastien's criteria• Conduct an accessibility audit based on the WCAG 1.0 checkpoints• Integrate the results of both analysis in one referential document• Make recommendations on the ergonomics quality of a website,
including technical qualities related to accessibility checkpoints that are not related to ergonomics (CSS validation, alts attributes, etc.)
• Plan user testing with specific participants: disabilities, senior, young and all relevant target audiences
• Compile expert analysis and user testing results in order to propose realistic, applicable improvement solutions that answer to the users‘ needs and meet their capabilities in regards to the application or website.
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
-
Summary
Speaker
Use cases
Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criteria
An extended approach to websaite auditing
Questions & Answers
June 2008 – UPA Conference
Loic Nunez
Questions & AnswersThank you for your attention. Any questions?Thank you for your attention. Any questions?
Patrice DOONAN Coachingwww.snickersdoonan.com
Thanks to: Lucile VERRECCHIA Design presentation http://lucile.verrecchia.free.fr lverrecchia@gmail.com
Denis BOUDREAU AccessibilitéWeb case studywww.accessibiliteweb.org