Unit VI: Crisis and Unit VI: Crisis and Achievement 1900-1945Achievement 1900-1945

Section 1: Scientific and Section 1: Scientific and Technological AchievementsTechnological Achievements

Terms:Terms:

• 1. Germ Theory: Many diseases are caused by 1. Germ Theory: Many diseases are caused by the action of microorganisms. Belief washing the action of microorganisms. Belief washing hands more and changing lifestyles will stop it.hands more and changing lifestyles will stop it.

• 2. Antibiotic: Drug that attacks/weakens 2. Antibiotic: Drug that attacks/weakens bacteria that caused many diseases.bacteria that caused many diseases.

• 3. Dynamo: Enables generation of large 3. Dynamo: Enables generation of large amounts of electricity in a useful manner.amounts of electricity in a useful manner.

• 4. Radioactivity: Powerful form of energy 4. Radioactivity: Powerful form of energy released by certain substances.released by certain substances.

Describe how each of the individuals Describe how each of the individuals listed below improved medical care:listed below improved medical care:

• 1. Louis Pasteur: Showed link between 1. Louis Pasteur: Showed link between germs and disease. Said killing certain germ germs and disease. Said killing certain germ stops the spread of certain diseases.stops the spread of certain diseases.

• 2. Robert Koch: Developed the Germ Theory 2. Robert Koch: Developed the Germ Theory (Diseases caused by microorganisms) (Diseases caused by microorganisms) working with Pasteur.working with Pasteur.

• 3. Joseph Lister: Convinced germs caused 3. Joseph Lister: Convinced germs caused infections. Told doctors to use antiseptics.infections. Told doctors to use antiseptics.

How did reforms of the late 1800s and early How did reforms of the late 1800s and early 1900s affect the average quality of people’s 1900s affect the average quality of people’s lives?lives?

• It improved their livesIt improved their lives– Better working conditions, better Better working conditions, better

housing, improved sanitation and new housing, improved sanitation and new inventions.inventions.

Describe an effect on daily life Describe an effect on daily life of each of these inventions:of each of these inventions:

• 1. Electricity: Appliances that made 1. Electricity: Appliances that made lives more comfortable, easier.lives more comfortable, easier.

• 2. Telephone: Improved long-distance 2. Telephone: Improved long-distance communication.communication.

• 3. Radio: Improved communication, 3. Radio: Improved communication, sending of information.sending of information.

• 4. Automobile: Improved 4. Automobile: Improved transportation.transportation.

Why was there an increase in Why was there an increase in the population in the late the population in the late 1800s?1800s?• Technology made life healthier, Technology made life healthier,

easier and safer. Fewer children died, easier and safer. Fewer children died, average life expectancy increased.average life expectancy increased.

Section 2Section 2

• World War IWorld War I

Terms:Terms:

• 1. Militarism: Building up of and glorifying 1. Militarism: Building up of and glorifying the military.the military.

• 2. Bosnia: Province that would give Serbia 2. Bosnia: Province that would give Serbia an outlet on the Adriatic Sea.an outlet on the Adriatic Sea.

• 3. Total War: War fought both at home and 3. Total War: War fought both at home and on the battlefield.on the battlefield.

• 4. Propaganda: Spreading ideas to promote 4. Propaganda: Spreading ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause.a cause or damage an opposing cause.

• 5. Trench Warfare: War in which troops dug 5. Trench Warfare: War in which troops dug trenches in the front. Very difficult, dirty trenches in the front. Very difficult, dirty and deadly.and deadly.

• 6. Neutral: Not supporting a side.6. Neutral: Not supporting a side.

• 7. Armistice: Agreement to end 7. Armistice: Agreement to end fighting.fighting.

• 8. Reparations: Payments for war 8. Reparations: Payments for war damage.damage.

Describe how each concept Describe how each concept helped cause World War Ihelped cause World War I

• 1. Nationalism: Pride in your nation 1. Nationalism: Pride in your nation and each country wants to show how and each country wants to show how strong they are.strong they are.– EX) Germany is proud of its military and EX) Germany is proud of its military and

industrial strength.industrial strength.– France wanted to regain its spot as a France wanted to regain its spot as a

European power.European power.– Russia pushed for Pan-Slavism (Uniting of Russia pushed for Pan-Slavism (Uniting of

Slavic people.)Slavic people.)

• Militarism: Building up of the military Militarism: Building up of the military so people and countries can achieve so people and countries can achieve their goals.their goals.– Arms race between Britain and Germany Arms race between Britain and Germany

to build up the biggest navies.to build up the biggest navies.

• Imperialism: Fighting for control of Imperialism: Fighting for control of colonies and economic power.colonies and economic power.– Britain, France and Germany competed Britain, France and Germany competed

for Africa.for Africa.

• Alliance Systems: Suspicions and Alliance Systems: Suspicions and tension led to nations forming tension led to nations forming alliances to protect each other if alliances to protect each other if attacked.attacked.– Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-

Hungary and Italy.Hungary and Italy.– Triple Entente: Britain, France and Triple Entente: Britain, France and

Russia.Russia.

• Decline of the Ottoman Empire: Decline of the Ottoman Empire: Rivalry for control of it as the empire Rivalry for control of it as the empire became weak.became weak.

What was the Balkan crisis and What was the Balkan crisis and how did it lead to the start of how did it lead to the start of WWII?WWII?• Development of Pan-Slavism and the idea Development of Pan-Slavism and the idea

that Bosnia should be controlled by Serbia.that Bosnia should be controlled by Serbia.

• There was a fear that a small spark would There was a fear that a small spark would cause a major problem. cause a major problem.

• The spark was the Assassination of The spark was the Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist.Hungary by a Serbian nationalist.

• Led to a chain reaction as alliances were Led to a chain reaction as alliances were drawn into war with each other.drawn into war with each other.

Who were the central Who were the central powers?powers?

• Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.Ottoman Empire.

Who were the Allied Who were the Allied Powers?Powers?

• Britain, France and Russia.Britain, France and Russia.

What were 2 new war technologies and What were 2 new war technologies and describe how it (they) changed warfare.describe how it (they) changed warfare.

• 1. machine gun: easier to gun down the 1. machine gun: easier to gun down the enemy.enemy.

• 2. Tank: protected advancing troops.2. Tank: protected advancing troops.• 3. Submarine: underwater attacks that 3. Submarine: underwater attacks that

led to the US getting involved.led to the US getting involved.• 4. Airplane: first used for observation 4. Airplane: first used for observation

then to actually fight.then to actually fight.• 5. Poison Gas/Gas Mask: Killed or 5. Poison Gas/Gas Mask: Killed or

disabled many troops from a distance.disabled many troops from a distance.

Why did the US enter WWI and Why did the US enter WWI and why is the US entry a turning why is the US entry a turning point?point?• The US entered because of the The US entered because of the

German use of unrestricted German use of unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking US ships.submarine warfare, sinking US ships.

• Their entry pushed the allies into Their entry pushed the allies into winning the war.winning the war.

Describe 3 major effects the war had from a Describe 3 major effects the war had from a human and economic perspective:human and economic perspective:

• 1. Death of 8.5 million people, 17 1. Death of 8.5 million people, 17 million wounded.million wounded.

• 2. Famine and disease spread and 2. Famine and disease spread and continued.continued.

• 3. Nations had to repay war debts, 3. Nations had to repay war debts, factories and farms were destroyed factories and farms were destroyed and had to be rebuilt.and had to be rebuilt.

Section 3: Revolution in Russia: Section 3: Revolution in Russia: Causes and Impacts:Causes and Impacts:

Key Terms:Key Terms:

• 1. Soviet: Council of workers and soldiers.1. Soviet: Council of workers and soldiers.• 2. Bolshevik: Revolutionary socialist party 2. Bolshevik: Revolutionary socialist party

headed by Lenin.headed by Lenin.• 3. New Economic Policy: Government 3. New Economic Policy: Government

controlled banks, large industry and foreign controlled banks, large industry and foreign trade, but some privately owned business was trade, but some privately owned business was allowed.allowed.

• 4. Totalitarian State: Government is ruled by a 4. Totalitarian State: Government is ruled by a 1-party dictatorship that controls every aspect 1-party dictatorship that controls every aspect of life.of life.

• 5. Command Economy: Government officials 5. Command Economy: Government officials make all basic economic decisions.make all basic economic decisions.

• 6. Five Year Plans: Plan to build up 6. Five Year Plans: Plan to build up industry and increase farm outputs in industry and increase farm outputs in 5 year periods.5 year periods.

• 7. Collective: large farms owned and 7. Collective: large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group.operated by peasants as a group.

Describe how each of the factors listed below is Describe how each of the factors listed below is considered a long-term cause of the Russian considered a long-term cause of the Russian Revolution:Revolution:

• 1. Czarist Rule: Czars blocked ideas of the French 1. Czarist Rule: Czars blocked ideas of the French Revolution and used harsh tactics to suppress (stop) Revolution and used harsh tactics to suppress (stop) reform.reform.

• 2. Peasant Unrest: Rigid social structure in Russia left 2. Peasant Unrest: Rigid social structure in Russia left most too poor to buy land and most didn’t have most too poor to buy land and most didn’t have enough food. This made them angry.enough food. This made them angry.

• 3. Problems of Urban Workers: Long hours, low pay, 3. Problems of Urban Workers: Long hours, low pay, lived in slums that were nests for poverty and disease.lived in slums that were nests for poverty and disease.

• 4. Diversity and Nationalism: Czars maintained strict 4. Diversity and Nationalism: Czars maintained strict control over ethnic groups. Ethnic minorities didn’t control over ethnic groups. Ethnic minorities didn’t want their ideas/cultures destroyed as there was more want their ideas/cultures destroyed as there was more Russification.Russification.

Describe the events of the Describe the events of the 1905 Revolution:1905 Revolution:

• January of 1905: A march occurred in January of 1905: A march occurred in St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg.

• It was a peaceful march, but the czar It was a peaceful march, but the czar called in soldiers to protect his palace called in soldiers to protect his palace and the soldiers ended up shooting and the soldiers ended up shooting unarmed protesters.unarmed protesters.

• Led to people having a great distrust Led to people having a great distrust for the czar.for the czar.

• Called Bloody Sunday.Called Bloody Sunday.

• Discuss how each of the events listed Discuss how each of the events listed below ended the Czarist rule and below ended the Czarist rule and contributed to the Revolution:contributed to the Revolution:

•1. A Nation in Chaos:1. A Nation in Chaos:– WWI: Russia was not ready to WWI: Russia was not ready to

fight a modern war.fight a modern war.– Lost many battles, food was Lost many battles, food was

scarce. People lost confidence.scarce. People lost confidence.

• The March Revolution:The March Revolution:– Military was defeated, there were Military was defeated, there were

shortages of food, fuel and housing shortages of food, fuel and housing which led to a revolution.which led to a revolution.

– Soldiers sympathised with Soldiers sympathised with demonstrators, refused to shoot at demonstrators, refused to shoot at them, led the czar to give up.them, led the czar to give up.

• Failure of the Provisional Failure of the Provisional Government:Government:– Continued war against Germany, made Continued war against Germany, made

few moderate reforms, didn’t end unrest few moderate reforms, didn’t end unrest among peasants and workers.among peasants and workers.

Who was Vladimir Lenin and describe Who was Vladimir Lenin and describe his role in the Russian Revolution:his role in the Russian Revolution:

• Russian Revolutionary who came Russian Revolutionary who came back from exile to lead the back from exile to lead the Bolsheviks in the Revolution.Bolsheviks in the Revolution.

• For each policy listed, describe how For each policy listed, describe how Lenin ruled Russia:Lenin ruled Russia:

• Withdrawal from WWI:Withdrawal from WWI:– Russia needed to make peace with Russia needed to make peace with

Germany so he could deal with his Germany so he could deal with his enemies at home.enemies at home.

• Russia’s Civil War:Russia’s Civil War:– Used the secret police to root out his Used the secret police to root out his

enemies.enemies.– Executed 1000’s and Czar Nicholas II.Executed 1000’s and Czar Nicholas II.

• One-Party Government:One-Party Government:– Kept power concentrated within the Kept power concentrated within the

Communist Party.Communist Party.

• New Economic Policy:New Economic Policy:– Kept government control over banks, Kept government control over banks,

industry and trade, but let some industry and trade, but let some businesses in.businesses in.

• The Soviet Union:The Soviet Union:– Created the Union of Soviet Socialist Created the Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (the old Russian Empire).Republics (the old Russian Empire).

Who was Joseph Stalin and what type Who was Joseph Stalin and what type of government did he establish in of government did he establish in Russia?Russia?

• Took over control from Lenin when Took over control from Lenin when Lenin died and created a Totalitarian Lenin died and created a Totalitarian government.government.

Describe 5 specific ways in which Stalin Describe 5 specific ways in which Stalin failed to respect the human rights of failed to respect the human rights of Russians and minority national groups in the Russians and minority national groups in the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union::• 1. Great Purge: Executed people.1. Great Purge: Executed people.

• 2. Sent to Prison Camps.2. Sent to Prison Camps.

• 3. Exiled (Forced to leave the 3. Exiled (Forced to leave the country).country).

• 4. Totalitarian State4. Totalitarian State

• 5. Policy of Russification5. Policy of Russification

• Describe Stalin’s economic system Describe Stalin’s economic system for each policy listed:for each policy listed:

• Industrialization:Industrialization:– Turn the Soviet Union into a modern Turn the Soviet Union into a modern

power.power.– 5 Year plan.5 Year plan.– Emphasis on heavy industry.Emphasis on heavy industry.– Consumer goods are neglected.Consumer goods are neglected.

• Collectivization:Collectivization:– Small farms became state-owned farms.Small farms became state-owned farms.– Government controlled prices, supplies, Government controlled prices, supplies,

and set production quotas.and set production quotas.

• Forced Famine:Forced Famine:– Opposition to collectivization by kulaks Opposition to collectivization by kulaks

led to the government going in and led to the government going in and seizing all of the grain.seizing all of the grain.

What were the 2 goals or practices What were the 2 goals or practices that Lenin and Stalin held in common?that Lenin and Stalin held in common?

• 1. used secret police to enforce 1. used secret police to enforce Communist will.Communist will.

• 2. Wanted to bring worldwide 2. Wanted to bring worldwide Communist revolution.Communist revolution.

How did Stalin’s chief goal How did Stalin’s chief goal differ from Lenin’s:differ from Lenin’s:

• Stalin wanted to modernize Russia Stalin wanted to modernize Russia into an Industrial power, Lenin into an Industrial power, Lenin wanted to create a classless society.wanted to create a classless society.

• Section 4: Between the Wars:Section 4: Between the Wars:

Terms:Terms:

• 1. Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that 1. Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ended WWI.ended WWI.

• 2. Mandate: Territories administered 2. Mandate: Territories administered by European powers.by European powers.

• 3. Civil Disobedience: Refusal to obey 3. Civil Disobedience: Refusal to obey unjust laws peacefully.unjust laws peacefully.

• 4. Fascism: Rule of a people by a 4. Fascism: Rule of a people by a dictatorial government that is dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic.nationalistic and imperialistic.

• Describe how each punishment Describe how each punishment effected Germany:effected Germany:

• Territorial Losses: Land was taken to Territorial Losses: Land was taken to make Poland, it was returned to make Poland, it was returned to France and they lost their overseas France and they lost their overseas empire.empire.

• Felt angered by the loss and would Felt angered by the loss and would build up nationalism.build up nationalism.

• Military Restrictions: Military Restrictions: – Couldn’t have military, lost industrial Couldn’t have military, lost industrial

area.area.– Felt unfairly punished.Felt unfairly punished.

• War Guilt:War Guilt:– Had to accept full responsibility.Had to accept full responsibility.– Had to pay reparations (cost of the war).Had to pay reparations (cost of the war).– Made them bitter, treated unfairly.Made them bitter, treated unfairly.

What was the League of What was the League of Nations and why was it weak?Nations and why was it weak?

• Group of countries that was put Group of countries that was put together to try to stop wars from together to try to stop wars from happening and to settle things happening and to settle things peacefully.peacefully.

• Was weak because the US never Was weak because the US never joined and it never did anything.joined and it never did anything.

• Describe the collapse of the following Describe the collapse of the following empires:empires:

Breakup of Austria-Hungary:Breakup of Austria-Hungary:

• New countries created were Austria, New countries created were Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia.

• Italy and Romania gained land.Italy and Romania gained land.

Breakup of the Ottoman Breakup of the Ottoman EmpireEmpire

• Arab land became controlled by Arab land became controlled by Britain and France.Britain and France.

• Remainder became Turkey.Remainder became Turkey.

Describe 3 unfulfilled national Describe 3 unfulfilled national goals that resulted from WWI:goals that resulted from WWI:

• 1. Italy wanted more land than it 1. Italy wanted more land than it received.received.

• 2. Japan wanted their claims in China 2. Japan wanted their claims in China reorganized.reorganized.

• 3. China was angry Japan got control 3. China was angry Japan got control of German possessions in China.of German possessions in China.

• 4. Russia was angry over the 4. Russia was angry over the reestablishment of Poland.reestablishment of Poland.

• For each movement listed below, For each movement listed below, describe how each region struggled describe how each region struggled for self-determination:for self-determination:

Turkish NationalismTurkish Nationalism

• Mustafa Kemal (Kemal Ataturk) was Mustafa Kemal (Kemal Ataturk) was the leader.the leader.

• Wanted to modernize Turkey.Wanted to modernize Turkey.

• Had to change to more western style, Had to change to more western style, dress, writing.dress, writing.

Iranian NationalismIranian Nationalism

• Reza Khan (Shah) was the leader.Reza Khan (Shah) was the leader.

• Removed British and Russian spheres Removed British and Russian spheres of influence.of influence.

• Modernize and Westernize.Modernize and Westernize.

• Used western alphabet and dress.Used western alphabet and dress.

Arab NationalismArab Nationalism

• Britain and France had set up Britain and France had set up mandates.mandates.

• Arab nationalists wanted to be free of Arab nationalists wanted to be free of foreigners.foreigners.

• Pan-Arabism: wanted to unify all Pan-Arabism: wanted to unify all Arabs based on heritage.Arabs based on heritage.

ZionismZionism

• Jews wanted a nation in the Holy Jews wanted a nation in the Holy Land.Land.

• Palestinians (Arabs) lived there.Palestinians (Arabs) lived there.

• Led to tensions. Led to tensions.

Indian NationalismIndian Nationalism

• During WWI, Britain promised more During WWI, Britain promised more rights, gave them none.rights, gave them none.

• Amritsar Massacre: Britain banned Amritsar Massacre: Britain banned public meetings, when assembled public meetings, when assembled Britain attacked, 400 were killed, Britain attacked, 400 were killed, 1200 wounded.1200 wounded.

• Convinced India, Britain must leave Convinced India, Britain must leave and they needed self-determination.and they needed self-determination.

Chinese NationalismChinese Nationalism

• Civil War: Nationalists vs. Civil War: Nationalists vs. Communists.Communists.

• Both wanted rival groups out of Both wanted rival groups out of China.China.

• Describe who each of the following Describe who each of the following individuals were and what role did individuals were and what role did they play in the independence they play in the independence movements in their nations:movements in their nations:

• 1. Kemal Ataturk:1. Kemal Ataturk:– Led independence movement for Led independence movement for

Turkey.Turkey.– Modernize and Westernize.Modernize and Westernize.– Bring western ideas, instead of Muslim Bring western ideas, instead of Muslim

into Turkey.into Turkey.

• Modandas Gandhi:Modandas Gandhi:– Indian movement.Indian movement.– Civil Disobedience.Civil Disobedience.– Boycotting.Boycotting.– Western ideas.Western ideas.– Reject the caste system.Reject the caste system.

Describe the women’s suffrage Describe the women’s suffrage movement:movement:

• Started in New Zealand, then the US, Started in New Zealand, then the US, Canada, Finland, Germany and Canada, Finland, Germany and Sweden.Sweden.

• Describe how each caused the Describe how each caused the worldwide economic depression:worldwide economic depression:

• Less Demand for Raw Materials:Less Demand for Raw Materials:– After WWI, there was less demand, After WWI, there was less demand,

meaning prices fell.meaning prices fell.– Farmers, miners, herders and other Farmers, miners, herders and other

suppliers suffered economic losses.suppliers suffered economic losses.

• Overproduction of Manufactured Overproduction of Manufactured Goods:Goods:– Price of manufactured goods went up.Price of manufactured goods went up.– Farmers and others couldn’t afford Farmers and others couldn’t afford

them.them.– Factories kept producing, leaving too Factories kept producing, leaving too

many and loss of profit.many and loss of profit.

• Stock Market Crash:Stock Market Crash:– Investors borrowed when buying stock, Investors borrowed when buying stock,

when prices went down, they couldn’t when prices went down, they couldn’t pay it back.pay it back.

How did war and economic depression How did war and economic depression

lead to the rise of Fascism?lead to the rise of Fascism?

• Leaders were able to unify and use Leaders were able to unify and use problems to get power.problems to get power.– Mussolini: United vets, wanted to solve Mussolini: United vets, wanted to solve

unemployment and gain land.unemployment and gain land.– Hitler: Promised to provide jobs and Hitler: Promised to provide jobs and

rebuild German pride.rebuild German pride.

What economic problems led What economic problems led to the rise of militarism in to the rise of militarism in Japan?Japan?• Loss of markets, unemployment, Loss of markets, unemployment,

poverty among peasants.poverty among peasants.

Section 5: WWIISection 5: WWII

Terms:Terms:

• 1. Appeasement: Nations give in to 1. Appeasement: Nations give in to aggressors demands to keep peace.aggressors demands to keep peace.

• 2. Pearl Harbor: Japan attacks the US, 2. Pearl Harbor: Japan attacks the US, brings them into the war.brings them into the war.

• 3. Blitz: Lightning war, sudden attack.3. Blitz: Lightning war, sudden attack.• 4. Genocide: Attempt to destroy an 4. Genocide: Attempt to destroy an

entire ethnic/religious group.entire ethnic/religious group.• 5. Concentration Camp: Where Jews 5. Concentration Camp: Where Jews

were starved, shot and gassed.were starved, shot and gassed.

• How did each event help cause How did each event help cause WWII?WWII?

Japan Invades China Japan Invades China

• Strengthened Japanese militarism in Strengthened Japanese militarism in an attempt to build Japanese empire.an attempt to build Japanese empire.

• Nothing done by the world.Nothing done by the world.

Italy attacks EthiopiaItaly attacks Ethiopia

• League of Nations agreed to stop League of Nations agreed to stop selling goods to Italy, but not all selling goods to Italy, but not all countries followed it.countries followed it.

German Aggression in German Aggression in EuropeEurope

• Hitler rebuilt military, sent troops Hitler rebuilt military, sent troops into Rhineland, took over Austria and into Rhineland, took over Austria and Seudetenland.Seudetenland.

• No one did anything about it No one did anything about it (Appeasement).(Appeasement).

AppeasementAppeasement

• Hitler thought the western countries Hitler thought the western countries were weak and did not have the guts were weak and did not have the guts to fight another war.to fight another war.

Describe who the 2 sides were Describe who the 2 sides were when the war began:when the war began:

• Axis: Japan, Germany and Italy.Axis: Japan, Germany and Italy.

• Allies: Britain and France.Allies: Britain and France.

• Describe the importance of each of Describe the importance of each of the following turning points of the the following turning points of the war:war:

Entry of the USEntry of the US

• Gave the allies added strength, Gave the allies added strength, militarily and economically.militarily and economically.

Battle of StalingradBattle of Stalingrad

• Soviet troops stopped German Soviet troops stopped German advances, eventually pushing advances, eventually pushing Germany back, keeping a 2 front Germany back, keeping a 2 front war.war.

El AlamienEl Alamien

• Britain and US forces trapped Britain and US forces trapped German troops in North Africa, were German troops in North Africa, were they surrendered.they surrendered.

Invasion of ItalyInvasion of Italy

• Hitler had to send troops to Italy, Hitler had to send troops to Italy, weakening hs ability to fight in weakening hs ability to fight in Western Europe.Western Europe.

Invasion of Normandy (D-Invasion of Normandy (D-Day)Day)

• Freed France from German control Freed France from German control then led to the beginning of a push then led to the beginning of a push by the allies into Germany.by the allies into Germany.

Describe how each event listed Describe how each event listed contributed to the end of WWII:contributed to the end of WWII:

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference

• Stalin (Russia), Churchill (Britain) and Stalin (Russia), Churchill (Britain) and Roosevelt (US) met to decide how to Roosevelt (US) met to decide how to divide Germany up.divide Germany up.

• Each would have a zone and Stalin Each would have a zone and Stalin would oversee new governments in would oversee new governments in Eastern Europe. (Would become Eastern Europe. (Would become Soviet satellites).Soviet satellites).

Victory in the PacificVictory in the Pacific

• Japan was weakened by the US Japan was weakened by the US entering the war and fighting by entering the war and fighting by 1942.1942.

• By 1944 the US was bombing cities.By 1944 the US was bombing cities.

Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki

• Use of atomic bombs.Use of atomic bombs.

• Killed 110,000.Killed 110,000.

• Led to the Japanese surrendering.Led to the Japanese surrendering.

How did civilians contribute to How did civilians contribute to the war effort?the war effort?

• Rationing of goods.Rationing of goods.

• Building of military supplies.Building of military supplies.

• Joining the military.Joining the military.

What was the Holocaust?What was the Holocaust?

• The genocide of the Jews by the The genocide of the Jews by the Germans.Germans.

Describe how Hitler and Nazi treatment of Describe how Hitler and Nazi treatment of Jewish people increasingly more horrible as Jewish people increasingly more horrible as WWII progressed:WWII progressed:

• He started out wanting to destroy an He started out wanting to destroy an inferior race.inferior race.

• He began by limiting rights and He began by limiting rights and encouraging violence against Jews.encouraging violence against Jews.

• Then, Jews began to be arrested and Then, Jews began to be arrested and forced to live in separate areas.forced to live in separate areas.

• Finally, concentration camps were set Finally, concentration camps were set up.up.

• Describe each of the following Describe each of the following impacts of WWII:impacts of WWII:

Human Losses:Human Losses:

• 75 million people killed.75 million people killed.

• Soviet Union had 22 million killed.Soviet Union had 22 million killed.

• Concentration camps set up killing Concentration camps set up killing Jews.Jews.

Economic LossesEconomic Losses

• Cities in Asia and Europe were Cities in Asia and Europe were destroyed.destroyed.

• European countryside was European countryside was devastated.devastated.

• Economies were in ruins and it took Economies were in ruins and it took many years for them to recover.many years for them to recover.

War Crimes TrialsWar Crimes Trials

• 22 surviving Nazi leaders and leaders 22 surviving Nazi leaders and leaders of Japan and Italy were put on trial of Japan and Italy were put on trial for crimes against humanity.for crimes against humanity.

• Called the Nuremberg trials. (For Called the Nuremberg trials. (For Nazi officials).Nazi officials).

• Some received the death penalty, Some received the death penalty, others were imprisoned.others were imprisoned.

Occupied NationsOccupied Nations

• Western Nations (Britain, France, US) Western Nations (Britain, France, US) occupied West Germany and Japan occupied West Germany and Japan and created democracies.and created democracies.

• Soviet forces occupied Eastern Soviet forces occupied Eastern Europe and East Germany and Europe and East Germany and established Communism.established Communism.

• Led to the Cold War.Led to the Cold War.

The United NationsThe United Nations

• Replaced the League of Nations.Replaced the League of Nations.

• Set up to discuss world problems and Set up to discuss world problems and develop solutions.develop solutions.

• 5 permanent members of security 5 permanent members of security council were US, Britain, France, council were US, Britain, France, China and Russia (Soviet Union) the China and Russia (Soviet Union) the winners of WWII.winners of WWII.

Literature and the ArtsLiterature and the Arts

• Examined Totalitarianism (Animal Farm Examined Totalitarianism (Animal Farm by George Orwell)by George Orwell)

• Looked for moral and religious Looked for moral and religious significance amid the destruction of war.significance amid the destruction of war.

• Human capacity for evil (Lord of the Human capacity for evil (Lord of the Flies)Flies)

• Realistic war novels and poetry.Realistic war novels and poetry.• Many books and films dealt with the Many books and films dealt with the

horror of the nuclear war.horror of the nuclear war.