ROCKS AND MINERALS

Unit C Chapter 2

WHAT ARE MINERALS?

MineralSample

Color of Mineral Sample

Color of Mineral Streak

Things that ScratchThe Mineral

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MINERALS

Mineral – is always a solid material with particles arranged in a repeating patters.

The pattern is called a crystal.

Minerals form in different ways, some form in Earth’s mantle, others form on the surface of the Earth.

Minerals can look very different depending on how and where they were formed.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

Streak – is the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile.

Luster – describes the way the surface of the mineral reflects light Ex. Aluminum foil has a

metallic luster. Hardness – is a

mineral’s ability to resist being scratched.

USE OF MINERALS

Minerals can be used in a variety of ways. Jewelry Musical Instruments Electric wiring Pencils Table Salt

IDENTIFYING ROCKSRock

SampleColor Texture Picture Bubbles

When Vinegar Added

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TYPES OF ROCKS

Rock – is a material made up of one or more minerals.

There are many different kinds of rocks, and they form in different layers of the Earth.

There are three main categories rocks can be classified in.

Main Types of Rocks

1. Igneous2. Sedimentary3. Metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Igneous rocks form when melted rock hardens.

Fine-grained – rocks that form from magma that cools quickly. These rocks have small mineral pieces.

Coarse- grained – rocks that form from lava that cools slowly.

Fine-grained

Coarse-grained

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Sedimentary rocks form over a long period of time as they are squeezed and stuck together.

The rocks are made of eroded material that is deposited at the bottom of streams, rivers and lakes.

The largest pieces are dropped first.

Conglomerate – is a type of sedimentary rock that can for from large pieces Some can pieces can be

as large as boulders. Limestone – is a fine

grained sedimentary rock that form in oceans, sometimes even including seashells.

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic rocks form under high heat and great pressure that can change a rock.

Metamorphic rocks can form from any kind of rock – sedimentary, igneous, or even other metamorphic rocks.

Metamorphic rocks c an form as mountains are built up. They also form as other rocks are squeeze and heated.

Types:1. Gneiss2. Marble3. Quartzite

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. Which would be a better model of how an igneous rock changes into a sedimentary rock- an eraser rubbed on paper, or crushed graham crackers that are mixed with melted butter and pressed into a pie pan to make crust? EXPLAIN your answer.

2. Which could be a better model of how metamorphic rocks form- chocolate chip cookie dough that is flattened and than baked into cookies, or chocolate chips mixed with butter and melted together in a pan and then cooled to make fudge? EXPLAIN your answer.

ROCK CYCLE

A rock can begin as one type and be changed many times.

Change takes many thousands of years.

This never ending rock change is called the rock cycle.