Unit 4Speech or Language Impairments

Prepared by: Cicilia Evi GradDiplSc., M. Psi

Definition

• Speech impairments when the sender’s speech impairs the communication articulation, fluency, voice (pitch or loudness)

• Language impairments when the sender can’t employ the signs, symbols or rules that govern the form, content and use of language

• Speech/language pathologist professional who diagnoses and treats speech/language impairments

Speech Impairments

• Articulation disorder when the process of producing speech sounds is flawed, and resulting in incorrect speech sounds related to age, culture and environment

• Fluency problems involve hesitations or repetition of parts of words that interrupt the flow of speech

• Voice problems abnormal spoken language production

Language Impairments

• Form the rules system used in all language (oral, written and sign)

• Content intent and meaning of spoken or written statements

• Use beware with the use of language in different settings and social context

Challenges

• Affect interaction with others in every setting• Affect success in school, social situations and

employment• Feeling embarrass, guilty, frustration, anger• Long term overly aggressive, denying their

disability, projecting their conditions to their listeners

• Socially withdrawn, avoid situation where they have to talk, isolated, avoid certain words

Characteristics

• Table 4.3 p. 128• Table 4.4 p. 131• Classroom Management p. 129• Case Brandon p. 134

Causes

• Speech Impairments brain damage, malfunction of respiratory or speech mechanism, malformation of the articulators

• Stuttering unable to pinpoint on a single cause related to stress, especially when situation is very complex or unpredictable

• Voice problems symptomatic of medical problems, undue abuse of the voice

Causes (2)

• Language Impairments genetic conditions, hearing impairments, illness, injury, and the existence of coexisting disabilities like autism (Plante & Beeson, 2008)

Prevalence

• Figure 4.6, p. 135 decline by 3rd grade why?

Communication Process

• Communication process of exchanging knowledge, ideas, opinions and feelings through the use of verbal/non verbal language

• Communication symbols voice, letters of the alphabet, or gestures used to send message

• Communication signals a variety of nonverbal cues that announce some immediate event, person, action or emotion

Prevention

• Early Identification at age 2• Prereferral by general education classroom

teacher, with the help of special educators– What SLPs can do p. 138

• Identification p. 139• Evaluation p. 140

Early Intervention

• Home-based intervention with parents scores higher

• Tactics for effective preschool programs – Language-rich environments – Integrated into every lesson throughout the day

read effective instruction p. 142

Language-rich environment

In General Education Curriculum

• Key elements for effective learning in the classroom p. 143

• The need of explicit instruction • Hard to understand metaphor or analogies– Fajar merekah – Senjata makan tuan – Tangannya sehalus sutra

• Language-sensitive classrooms p. 145

How to Help?

• Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) p. 146• Technology– Communication boards– Speech synthesizers – Graphic organizers

Psychologists?

• During transition process• Partnerships with Families and Communities