Post on 09-Mar-2021
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS HANDBOOK
Editorial Team:
Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, S.Pi., M.Si.
A. Shofy Mubarak, S.Pi., M.Si.
Prof. Dr. Drh. Hj. Sri Subekti B. S., DEA.
Ir. H. Muhammad Arief, M.Kes.
Ir. Agustono, M.Kes.
Ir. Wahju Tjahjaningsih, M.Si.
Rr. Juni Triastuti, S.PL, M.Si.
Ir. Woro Hastuti Satyantini, M.Si.
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
ii
PREFACE
Praise to Allah SWT, over the abundance of His grace and guidance, so
that the preparation of UNDERGRADUATE THESIS HANDBOOK can be
resolved. This book is very necessary for Students and Supervisors to assist the
planning, proposal, implementation and reporting of research results
(Undergraduate Thesis) by students. Preparation of this book is intended for
uniformity in the format and way of writing and preparation of Research Proposal,
Thesis and Scientific Articles Thesis and organize and guide the process of
conducting Research and Seminar by Students Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.
We extend our gratitude to all those who have provided assistance, both
morally and materially to the completion of the preparation of this manual. We are
also fully aware that this book is still not perfect, so it is possible to do perfection
in the future. We are deeply grateful to all parties for their input and suggestions
that can improve the perfection of this manual. Finally, hopefully this handbook
useful and meet the expectations of Students and Supervisors in improving
teaching and learning process at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas
Airlangga, Surabaya.
Surabaya, 22nd
May 2009
Editorial Team
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE ............................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... iii
GUIDANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE THESIS WRITING .................... 1
I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 2
II. PROVISION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE
THESIS, AND SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE WRITING .................................. 4
2.1. GENERAL PROVISION ............................................................................ 4
2.1.2. TYPING ................................................................................................ 4
2.1.3. PAGE NUMBER .................................................................................. 5
2.1.4. ILLUSTRATION.................................................................................. 5
2.1.5. WORD SEPARATION ........................................................................ 6
2.2. SPECIFIC PROVISION ............................................................................. 6
2.2.1. EARLY SECTION ............................................................................... 6
A. COVER ................................................................................................... 7
B. TITLE PAGE .......................................................................................... 7
C. AUTHORIZATION PAGE .................................................................... 7
D. APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................ 7
E. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... 8
F. SUMMARY............................................................................................ 8
G. PREFACE ............................................................................................... 8
H. TABLE OF CONTENT.......................................................................... 8
I. LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................... 9
J. LIST OF FIGURE .................................................................................. 9
K. LIST OF APPENDIX ........................................................................... 10
iv
2.2.2. CONTENT SECTION ........................................................................ 10
A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 10
B. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 10
C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES .................... 11
D. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 11
E. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................................. 11
F. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................................. 12
2.2.3. END SECTION .................................................................................. 12
A. REFERENCES ..................................................................................... 12
B. APPENDIX .......................................................................................... 12
III. THE PROCEDURE OF WRITING THE CONTENTS ON RESEARCH
PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE THESIS, AND SCIENTIFIC
ARTICLE .................................................................................................. 14
3.1. NUMBER AND ABBREVIATION ......................................................... 14
3.2. ITALIC ...................................................................................................... 15
3.3. SYMMETRY ............................................................................................ 15
3.4. TITLE ........................................................................................................ 15
3.5. CAPITAL .................................................................................................. 15
3.6. WORD SEPARATION ............................................................................. 16
3.7. CONSISTENCY ....................................................................................... 16
3.8. TABLE AND FIGURE ............................................................................. 16
3.9. USING OF TERM .................................................................................... 17
3.9.1. GRAMMAR AND SPELLING .......................................................... 17
3.9.2. ENGLISH ........................................................................................... 17
3.10. PARAGRAPH .......................................................................................... 17
3.11. CITATION ................................................................................................ 18
v
3.12. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 20
3.13. FOOTNOTE .............................................................................................. 21
3.14. APPENDIX ............................................................................................... 21
3.15. MAP AND SKETCH ................................................................................ 21
GUIDANCE OF DRAFTING UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ........................... 22
IV. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING RESEARCH PROPOSAL ........... 23
4.1. TITLE ........................................................................................................ 23
4.2. AUTHORIZATION .................................................................................. 23
4.3. CONTENT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL ............................................... 23
4.3.1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 23
A. TITLE ................................................................................................... 23
B. BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 24
C. PROBLEM ........................................................................................... 24
D. AIMS .................................................................................................... 24
E. BENEFITS............................................................................................ 24
4.3.2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 25
4.3.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................... 25
4.3.4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 25
A. PLACE AND TIME ............................................................................. 25
B. RESEARCH TOPIC ............................................................................. 26
C. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 26
a. RESEARCH DESIGN .......................................................................... 26
b. PROCEDURE ...................................................................................... 26
c. PARAMETER ...................................................................................... 26
d. DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 27
D. RESEARCH SCHEDULE ................................................................... 27
vi
4.4. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 27
4.5. APPENDIX ............................................................................................... 27
V. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ... 28
5.1. EARLY SECTION ................................................................................... 28
5.1.1. TITLE ................................................................................................. 28
5.1.2. AUTHORIZATION............................................................................ 28
5.1.3. APPROVAL ....................................................................................... 28
5.1.4. ABSTRACT........................................................................................ 28
5.1.5. SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 29
5.1.6. PREFACE ........................................................................................... 29
5.1.7. TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................... 29
5.1.8. LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................ 29
5.1.9. LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................. 29
5.1.10. APPENDIX ......................................................................................... 29
5.1.11. OTHERS ............................................................................................. 29
5.2. CONTENT SECTION .............................................................................. 30
5.2.1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 30
5.2.2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 30
5.2.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................... 30
5.2.4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 30
5.2.5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 30
5.2.6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................... 31
5.3. END SECTION ......................................................................................... 31
5.3.1. REFERENCES ................................................................................... 31
5.3.2. APPENDIX ......................................................................................... 32
VI. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE .............. 33
vii
6.1. TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................ 33
6.2. AUTHORIZATION .................................................................................. 33
6.3. CONTENT OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE ................................................. 33
6.3.1. TITLE ................................................................................................. 33
6.3.2. AUTHOR ............................................................................................ 33
6.3.3. ABSTRACT........................................................................................ 34
6.3.4. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 34
6.3.5. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 34
6.3.6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 34
6.3.7. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................... 34
6.3.8. REFERENCES ................................................................................... 34
6.3.9. APPENDIX (optional) ........................................................................ 34
GUIDANCE OF
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
WRITING
2
I. INTRODUCTION
In order to finish the study and as one of requirement to take
undergraduate thesis exam in the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas
Airlangga, Surabaya, the students have to complete by writing the scientific
article. The scientific article is a literary essay based on the scientific fact which is
obtained by students from Field Work Practice (PKL) and research. The
procedure of writing and drafting the scientific article consists of writing and
drafting the proposal and report of Field Work Practice (PKL), Proposal Research
and Undergraduate Thesis as well as Scientific Article adjusted with
Undergraduate Thesis Handbook of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine,
Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.
1. Field Work Practice (PKL) is a scientific study based on the result of
activities or implementations of the practice in the field directly on a
business unit such as activities or business in the field of fisheries and/or
marine. Field Work Practice is not a research, however, is an active
participation activities, observation and communication (interview) as well
as literature study. Although, the Field Work Practice (PKL) is not a
research, but the writing of Field Work Practice report has to be included
the analysis and discussion obtained from the activity or implementation
of Field Work Practice (PKL).
2. Undergraduate Thesis is a scientific study based on the result of research
on the unknown or known various problems or problems to be formulated
and be able to use as a basic of hypotheses formulation for further research
in the field of fisheries and/or marine. The sources which are able to use in
drafting Undergraduate Thesis are literature (bibliography) and research
both empirical (field research) and library (library research).
3. Scientific Article is scientific paper, brief writing from report of Field
Work Practice (PKL) and Undergraduate Thesis.
Several things are important and necessary to be known and conducted by the
students in the scientific writing such as:
3
1. Mastering the scientific procedures and conducting honestly and
responsibility. The students have to distinguish reality with expectation
and the principles which have accepted by unknown allegations.
2. Free of delivering fact or conclusion which is obtained
3. Consistency is uniformity of the whole writing from the beginning to the
end, a term has to have a mean and vice versa, a mean is only use a term in
its writing. The consistency also includes procedure of drafting the
literatures and others.
4. Scientific wiring has to fulfill the requirement of the use of language,
spelling and grammar that be used in Indonesian which have been
enhanced.
5. The students as author are responsible to the content and structure of
writing, both proposal and report of Field Work Practice (PKL),
Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article.
4
II. PROVISION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE
THESIS, AND SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE WRITING
2.1. GENERAL PROVISION
The general provision of writing the scientific paper both Proposal of
Research, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article consists of type of paper,
typing, page number, illustration and word separation.
2.1.1. TYPE OF PAPER
Type of paper that used to write the scientific paper is HVS size A4 with
the minimum weight 70 gram. Reduplication is conducted through clear
photocopy with same size and weight of paper. The Undergraduate Thesis cover
consists of three layers (printed hard cover), is an outer layer using buffalo paper
or heavy linen, middle layer consists of white carton and inner layer consists of
white paper. The cover of Proposal Research and Scientific Article only stapled or
printed one layer (printed soft cover) using buffalo paper or linen. The color of the
cover for Proposal Research, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article is light
blue
2.1.2. TYPING
Typing of Proposal Research, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article
is conducted using computer with Times New Roman style and font size 12. The
ink of printer has to black and clear as well as avoid of using dot matrix (draft).
The manuscript is typed by line spacing 2 (except abstract and summary), the
margin of top and left is 4 cm, while right and bottom is 3 cm. The new paragraph
writing started from sixth knock or using Tab in computer (sixth letter below).
Repeated word has to be written completely using hyphen (-). All of the typing
has to straight left and right boundary, except first new paragraph.
5
2.1.3. PAGE NUMBER
The page number in the early section using Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, and
etc.) and the calculation started from title page. The page number in the early
section typed at the bottom center and the margin is 2 cm from the bottom edge of
the paper, except title, authorization and approval page written without page
number. The page number in the content started from Introduction using Arabic
numerals (1, 2, 3, and etc.). The page number in the Chapter (both in the early and
content section) without page number, however it is still calculated, while the text
in the following page is given by serial numbers all of the page number in the
content and end of the section are typed at the right top of the paper and margin is
2 cm from the top and 3 cm from the right edge of the paper. The chapter, section,
sub-section, paragraph or sentence typed with 2 spacing from bottom of the page
number.
2.1.4. ILLUSTRATION
Illustration, such as table and figure, has to adhere at the paper which used
to Research Proposal, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article as well as has
to use black clear ink, except figure can use color clear ink. The font or number in
the table and figure has to be clear and same size as the font and number that has
used, except information or cite sources of table and figure (optional) using
smaller font in the manuscript. The figure, such as flowchart, sketch, map, photo,
graphic (diagram) and etc. can be used. Duplication of figure except photo can be
conducted through clear photocopy (black or color). Duplication photo should be
as original form.
Illustrations can be adhered in the manuscript or as an appendix. In the
manuscript has to be indicated the number of table or figure and be adhered at the
page or a sheet after the page. The length of table more than one page can be
continued in the next page by providing the explanation that is written in the end
of first page using the word “continued” which is adhered in brackets, name in the
table column still remain. In the next page, in the top, should be provided the
explanation using word “advance” written in brackets (See in sub section 3.8
6
Table and Figure of the Procedure Writing of Research Proposal, Undergraduate
Thesis, and Scientific Article).
2.1.5. WORD SEPARATION
The word separation has to be conducted properly, according to spelling
and grammar of Indonesian enhanced. The foreign word and name cannot be
separated and the word separation that led to separation of the last alphabet from
basis alphabet is not allowed. The procedure of word separation in the right edge
of paper should be based on grammar and right border should be straight without
word separation (hyphen). Typing of the hyphen in the bottom of last alphabet is
not allowed. Syllable in the end of page should be disconnected.
How the separation of words on the right edge of the paper should be
according to the grammar and borders of the cultivated right as possible without
any parting words (hyphen). Typing separators under the last letter is not justified.
Syllable at the end of each page should not be disconnected. Prepositions (in, to
and from) followed by the verb or adjective should be typed triad, such as:
conducted, used, hit, to, here, than, etc., while the prepositions followed by the
word that function shows where typed separately, such as in the field, in addition,
to the field, from there, and etc.
2.2. SPECIFIC PROVISION
The specific provision consists of early section, content section and end
section.
2.2.1. EARLY SECTION
The early section consists of cover, title page, authorization page, approval
page, abstract, summary, preface, table of content, list of table, list of figure, and
list of appendix.
7
A. COVER
Cover of Research Proposal or Undergraduate Thesis as adjusted in the
general writing provision is type of paper. The edge of Undergraduate Thesis
cover is written by the student’s name, title of Undergraduate Thesis and year.
The cover contain the same as title page and printed with black ink except the
logo of Universitas Airlangga that is printed with color as adjusted on emblem of
Univeristas Airlangga, which is blue in the inside (picture of bird) and yellow in
the outside that circle it.
B. TITLE PAGE
The title page consists of title of the Undergraduate Thesis, type of
Research Proposal/ Undergraduate Thesis/ Scientific Article, Study Program,
Logo, by, student’s name, city and province of student, faculty, university and
city, typed using capital and bold. The year is typed using Arabic numeral. Each
of them is typed with 1 space. The procedure of drafting manuscript has to be
well, neat, and symmetric (See in Appendix 1, 4, and 13).
C. AUTHORIZATION PAGE
The authorization page consists of title of Research Proposal/
Undergraduate Thesis/ Scientific Article and student’s name, typed using capital,
while, the status of Undergraduate Thesis, supervisor, and chief of study program
typed with small alphabet and only the first alphabet is typed using capital. The
student ID is typed using Arabic numeral. The committee of Undergraduate
Thesis is 2 namely, the name of first supervisor is in the left and the second
supervisor in the right as well as the name of chief of study program in the center
and below both name of supervisors. The procedure of drafting manuscript has to
be well, neat, and symmetric (See in Appendix 2, 5, and 14).
D. APPROVAL PAGE
The approval page consists of status of Undergraduate Thesis, date of
exam, approval of committee, name of committee and dean, typed with small
8
alphabet as well as only the first word typed using capital. The procedure of
drafting manuscript has to be well, neat, and symmetric (See in Appendix 6).
E. ABSTRACT
The abstract word is typed using capital and bold, adhered in the center of
paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces in the below of the page number.
The student’s name, title of Undergraduate Thesis and the Supervisor’s name are
typed with 1 space and 3 space in the below of abstract. The student’s name is
typed capital and the supervisor with academic title, typed using capital for the
first alphabet.
The abstract started by new paragraph and typed 3 spacing under the title.
The abstract is typed with 1.5 spacing. The length of abstract maximum consists
of 2 pages (See in Appendix 7).
F. SUMMARY
Summary is written in English and the procedure of writing as same as the
abstract.
G. PREFACE
Preface is typed using capital and bold, adhered in the center of paper
symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces under of page number. The manuscript of
preface is started with new paragraph and is typed 3 spaces under the preface.
Name in the preface has to be equipped by the academic title and position (See in
Appendix 8)
H. TABLE OF CONTENT
Table of contents regularly and according to the page number consist of:
abstract, summary, preface, acknowledgments, list of tables, list of figures, list of
appendix, chapter titles, headings sub-chapter, title, sub-section, references and
appendix. The word of table of content is typed uppercase (capital) and bold,
placed in the middle of the paper symmetrically without dots and 2 spaces below
9
the page number. The word of page is typed on the right by a distance of 3 cm
from the right edge of the paper and 3 spaces below the word table of contents.
The arrangement of table of content is started from the left border of two
spaces below the word page and within 4 cm from the left edge of the paper. If the
total page of table of contents more than one sheet is continued on the next page.
The distance between chapters is 2 spaces, between chapters and subchapters is
1.5 spaces, inter-section is 1.5 spacing, between subchapter and sub-sub chapter is
1 space and inter-sub-section is 1 space. The title of each chapter is typed
uppercase (capital), title, section and sub-section is typed in all uppercase
beginning of the word. The end of each title is associated with the page number
using dots (See in Appendix 9).
I. LIST OF TABLE
The word of list of table is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, placed in
the middle of the paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page
number. The word of table is typed on the left with distance of 4 cm from the left
edge of the paper and 3 spaces below the word of list of table. The word of page is
typed on the right by a distance of 3 cm from the right edge of the paper and
parallel with the word of table. The distance between the titles of table is 2 spaces.
If the title of the table more than two lines, the line spacing is 1 space. The end of
each title is associated with the page number with dots (See in Appendix 10).
J. LIST OF FIGURE
The word of list of figure is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, is placed
in the middle of the paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page
number. The word of figure is typed on the left with distance of 4 cm from the left
edge of paper and 3 spaces below the word of list of figure. The word of page is
typed on the right by distance of 3 cm from the right edge of the paper and parallel
with the word of figure. The distance between figures title is 2 spaces. If the title
of the figure more than two lines, the line spacing is 1 space. The end of each title
is associated with the page number with dots. (See in Appendix 11).
10
K. LIST OF APPENDIX
The list of appendix is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, is placed in the
middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number.
The word of appendix is typed on the left with distance 4 cm from the left edge of
paper and 3 space from the below the word of list of appendix. The word of list of
appendix is typed on the right with distance 3 cm from the right edge and parallel
with the word of list of appendix. The distance between appendix’s title is 2
spaces. If the title of appendix more than two lines, the line spacing is 1 space.
The end of each title is associated with the page number with dots (See in
Appendix 12).
2.2.2. CONTENT SECTION
The content section consists of: introduction, literature review, conceptual
framework and hypotheses, methodology, result and discussion as well as
conclusion and suggestion.
A. INTRODUCTION
Introduction is written as the first chapter. The word of introduction is
typed uppercase (capital) and bold, begin using roman number without dot (I
INTRODUCTION), placed in the middle of paper symmetrically without dot and
2 spaces below the page number. The first paragraph or first sub section is typed 3
spaces below the word of introduction. The distance between the end of sentence
with sub section or next sub-sub section is 3 spaces.
B. LITERATURE REVIEW
The word of literature review is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, begin
using roman number without dot (II LITERATURE REVIEW), placed in the
middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number.
The first paragraph or first sub section is typed 3 spaces below the word of
literature review. The distance between the end of sentence with sub section or
next sub-sub section is 3 spaces.
11
The literature review has to be equipped and arranged according to
foundation and/or sciences development which is related with the current problem
that is observed in the research. The literature review consists of several parts ad
each part is adjusted to the use of the next chapter.
C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES
The word of conceptual framework and hypotheses is typed uppercase
(capital) and bold, begin using roman number without space (III CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES), placed in the middle of paper
symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number. The conceptual
framework and hypotheses is typed as sub section, respectively. The first sub
section is conceptual framework is typed 3 spaces below the word of conceptual
framework and hypothesis. The distance between the end of sentence on the first
sub section with next sub section is 3 spaces.
D. METHODOLOGY
The word of methodology is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, begin
using roman number without space (IV METHODOLOGY), placed in the middle
of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number. The first
paragraph or the first sub section is typed 3 spaces below the word of
methodology. The distance between the end of sentence with sub section or next
sub-sub section is 3 spaces.
E. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The word of result and discussion is typed uppercase (capital) and bold,
begin using roman number without space (V RESULT AND DISCUSSION),
placed in the middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the
page number. The first paragraph or the first sub section is typed 3 spaces below
the word of result and discussion. The distance between the end of sentence with
sub section or next sub-sub section is 3 spaces. Result and discussion is an
integral part and for Undergraduate Thesis, the writing is separated between result
12
and discussion, and each of them becomes sub section (sub section of result and
sub section of discussion).
F. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
The word of conclusion and suggestion is typed uppercase (capital) and
bold, begin using roman number without space (VI CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTION), placed in the middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2
spaces below the page number. The first paragraph or the first sub section is typed
3 spaces below the word of conclusion and suggestion. The distance between the
end of sentence with sub section or next sub-sub section is 3 spaces.
2.2.3. END SECTION
The end section from Research Proposal/ Undergraduate Thesis consists of
references and appendix.
A. REFERENCES
The word of references is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, placed in the
middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 space below the page number.
The type of references is typed starting from the left edge 3 cm below the word of
references. The distance between the types of references is 2 spaces. The writing
of second line of references is typed at sixth beat and has distance 1 space. The
example of writing the references is list in Appendix 16.
B. APPENDIX
The word of appendix is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, placed in the
middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number.
The appendix 1 is typed 3 spaces below the word of appendix and next appendix
is typed 2 spaces below the page number.
Each appendix consists of 1 page. If the appendix is table and more than 1
page, so it adjusted as table arrangement. The appendix size which is over of the
paper size should be minimized; however it is still able to read. If it is not
13
possible, then it can be folded script area of the paper size or can be continued on
the next page. An appendix which is more than one page, in the next page is still
written according to appendix and added the word “sequel” in bracket.
14
III. THE PROCEDURE OF WRITING THE CONTENTS ON
RESEARCH PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE THESIS, AND
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
The procedure of writing the content on Research Proposal, Undergraduate
Thesis, and Scientific Article consists of: number and abbreviation, italic,
symmetry, title, capital, word separation, consistency, table and figure, use of
term, citation, footnotes, appendix and map, sketch.
3.1. NUMBER AND ABBREVIATION
The number and abbreviation should not be used in the beginning of
sentence. If in the sentence, there is an amount (number), followed by unit, so the
amount (number) that makes up a word has to be written in the form of number,
for example: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, one
hundred or one thousands, except number which is exceed two word has to be
written with the number, for example: 12, 20, 30, and so on, while an unit which
is preceded an amount or number can be written in the form of abbreviation or
complete, for example: 12 cm (twelve centimeter), 10 kg (ten kilogram), 50%
(fifty percent), and so on. However, if the unit is not preceded by an amount or
numbers, the unit of measure has to be written completely (should not be
abbreviated), such as: centimeter, kilogram, percent and so on. Behind the unit
does not need to be given a dot. If the units are the name of the inventor, the
writing unit is lowercase, uppercase for the name of the inventor, for example: kD
(kilo Dalton), kW (kilo Watts) and so on.
The abbreviations may be used is an abbreviation that has been recognized
internationally, such as: cm, kg, lbs, kal, kkal, BTU, HP, cc, ml, °C, °F and so on,
as well as chemical elements, such as Na, Ca , Zn, K, H, O2 and so on, as well as
the names of chemicals, such as DDT, TNT and etc. However, the writing of
abbreviation has to be equipped with continuation on the first writting, for
example: Zinc (Zn), hydrogen (H), carbon dioxide (CO2), Tambak Inti Rakyat
(TIR) and so on.
15
3.2. ITALIC
The italic is used for writing genus and species of living organism or other
Latin terms, for example: Ephinephelus, Tilapia nilotica, Eucheuma cottoni, in
vivo and so on. The species name of living organism that is not identified yet, can
be abbreviated using sp. or spp. (if more than two species), but the writing of sp.
or spp. shall be marked with dot and should not be in italic, for example:
Omochromis spp., Clupea sp. etc. If the name of species is followed by the name
of its inventor, the name of the inventor (people) do not need in italics, for
example: Chanos chanos Forsskal and the name of the inventor (people) may be
abbreviated with given a dot, for example: Cyprinus carpio L., Chanos chanos
Forssk., etc. the writing of species name can be abbreviated, for example:
C.carpio, O. mossambicus, and etc. by the first provision of writing still be written
by complete species name.
3.3. SYMMETRY
Equations, formulas, tables, figures or schemes should be arranged
symmetrically.
3.4. TITLE
The title requires more than one line must be arranged like opposed
pyramid and maximum contains four lines. Section must be written in capital and
bold Greek letter, centered without putting any punctuation, and doubled spacing.
Sub section is positioned in left side of the page and contains two number
separated with (.) of which the first number represents the section number and the
second number is the sub section. Sub section is not allowed containing more than
three numbers. If more than two sub sections, the use of letter is allowed eq. A,a,i.
The use of points or symbols is not allowed eq. *, •, *. Eq.
3.5. CAPITAL
Capital is used to write the first of person’s name, institution, city, street,
mountain, river, etc. An acronym must use capital letters, if an acronym comes for
16
the first in the whole sentence, it must be defined eq. The spreading of Koi Herpes
Virus (KHV) is uncontrolled in this past decade. A word defining title or city
followed by its name must use a capital letter eq. He lives in Jalan Sumatra.
3.6. WORD SEPARATION
Refer to general requirements (2.1.5)
3.7. CONSISTENCY
Writing consistency is highly crucial in arranging a scientific writing. It
concerns on the use of appropriate words, acronym/abbreviation, term and
definition, number, sub heading, page number, sub title, etc. The consistency must
be well outlined when starting and finalizing a text.
3.8. TABLE AND FIGURE
Tables and figures must be consecutively numbered and contain caption.
After table number is followed by table title eq. Table 1. Proximate composition
of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched fish feed. If the table is made in large size, it might
be set in landscape view. If the table is too large, it must be resized but will not be
any information demonstrated by the table. If the table takes more than one page,
it can be put on the appendix. The table needs 3 spacing after the text of the table
and the table.
Tables or drawings should start on the left edge and be placed
symmetrically, especially for simple tables. The wording of a table or image
begins on the left edge as the scriptwriting and table title are written 2 spaces
above the table, while the title of the image is written 2 spaces below the image.
The numbers or words in the table are arranged 1.5 spaces, whereas if they exceed
25 tires it is arranged spaced. All parts of the table or image are placed 3 spaces
below or above the script. It is not permissible to separate table titles or images
with tables or drawings.
The table or drawing (or attachment) required in the text is written as
Table 1, Figure 3, Appendix 4 and so on. Titles or images that are more than one
17
bans, the distance between the row is 1 space. Table titles and or images are typed
in bold. The beginning of the sentence in the title of the table or picture is typed in
uppercase and does not need to end with a dot. The table or image description
cannot be separated from the table or image page or on the next page. If there is
additional information in the table or picture, typed under a table or picture spaced
1 space with letters smaller than the text letters and not typed in bold, whereas if
the writing of a table or image accompanied by a cited source typed follow the
title of the table or image with letters Smaller than the text letters and written in
brackets as well as not using bold. Examples of table writing and placement are
listed in Appendix 17, whereas the writing and placement of images of ten) eras in
Appendix 18.
3.9. USING OF TERM
The use of the term in the text should be consistent and concise and use
good and correct language.
3.9.1. GRAMMAR AND SPELLING
The terms used must comply with the Indonesian language's standardized
grammar and spelling. Absorption of foreign language elements pronunciation
and writing are adjusted to the Indonesian rules of cultivation so that foreign
spelling is only changed as necessary, so that its Indonesian form can still be
distinguished from the original form. An example of a spelling rule for the
element of absorption from a foreign language can be seen in Appendix 19.
3.9.2. ENGLISH
The foreign language is not necessarily used when Bahasa Indonesia can
clearly describe. Otherwise, it must be used and written in italic letter eq.
inbreeding
3.10. PARAGRAPH
Each paragraph contains a unified entity and is a new banner and typed six
beats from the left border or the sixth letter of the bans below (or arranged using
the Tab in the computer). Writing a new paragraph at the end of the manuscript
18
page is only justified if there is still a minimum of space for two lines of text. A
line from a paragraph should not be typed on the next page or left at the bottom of
the page. The paragraph is a description consisting of more than two sentences.
One maximum sentence consists of three (3) lines. The foreground and conjunct
(hyphen) are not allowed to be sent at the beginning of a new sentence. Each
manuscript shall, at the most, consist of four (4) paragraphs.
3.11. CITATION
Citation of literature can be distinguished into direct and indirect. Direct
quotation is derived from its main source or literature directly, whereas indirect
quotation is a quotation of a literature contained in other bibliography. As far as
possible the library material comes from the main source. Direct quotations can be
written directly from the source of the literature, but the indirect quotation must
include the main literature and the quoted material with the addition of the word
"in" (italics) or "quoted by" and so on. For example:
a. Directly cited
Mudjiman (1999) mengatakan…….., maka penulisan dalam daftar
pustaka adalah Mudjiman, A. 1999.
b. Indirectly cited :
Mudjiman (1998) dalam Hidayah (2003)
menjelaskan………………………, maka penulisan dalam daftar pustaka
adalah Hidayah, U. 2003.
Arifianto (2000) yang dikutip oleh Maulidab (2004)
mengemukakan…………, maka penulisan dalam daftar pustaka adalah
Maulidah, A. 2004.
Writing a literature with authors of more than one person uses the word
"and" to separate the author's name and this writing is applicable to the Indonesian
language, while the word "and" for English and in the bibliography is kept in
accordance with the language used. Example:
a. Suryawan dan Muslim (2003) mengatakan bahwa………, maka penulisan
dalam daftar pustaka adalah Suryawan, A. dan B. Muslim. 2003.
19
b. Zonneveld and Boon (1990) berpendapat………………., maka penulisan
dalam daftar pustaka adalah Zonneveld, N. and J. H. Boon. 1990.
Writing reference of literature written by more than two persons (authors)
are used et al. (For Indonesian literature) and the writing is typed upright (not
tilted), while et al. (For English literature) and typed in italics. Writing in the
bibliographic list of all authors remains fully written. Example:
a. Mukti dkk. (2001) mengemukakan………………………, maka penulisan
dalam daftar pustaka adalah Mukti, A. T., Rustidja dan S. B. Sumitro.
2001.
b. Zonneveld et at. (1991) menjelaskan bahwa…………….., maka penulisan
dalam daftar pustaka adalah Zonneveld, N., J. H. Boon, J. Jayaprakas and
B. Sambu. 1991.
The literature in the text is written by the author's last name, either one or
two authors. Writing the author's name can be placed at the end or back of the
quotation (in parentheses) and terminated by a period, for example:
a. Artemia spp. mempunyai panjang sekitar 1 cm (Adisukresno, 1983).
b. Pemberian hormon dapat dilakukan melalui penyuntikan (Hepher and
Pruginin, 1982).
c. Ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam pemberian hormon steroid
(Hunter and Donaldson, 1983 dalam Wardhana, 1992).
If there is a similar biblical passage written by several other authors,
whether it be the same or different year, one may choose one or write it all down.
Name of author written all, if the year of writing or year of the same issue, then
the writing follows the alphabet letter, but if the year of writing or year rises
differently, then the way of writing follows the order of the year of writing or the
year published, for example:
a. Santoso (1992), Sugianto (1992) dan Susanto (1992) menyatakan,………..
b. Susanto (1991) dan Djarijah (1994) menjelaskan bahwa, …………………
If the writing in the end of the literature quote (in parentheses), so the way
of writing the name of the author also follows the rules as above. The difference is
no longer using the word "and" (if more than one author), but simply be given a
semicolon (;). For example:
20
a. Ikan gurami merupakan ikan konsumsi yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi (Santoso,
1992; Sugianto, 1992; Susanto, 1992).
b. Ikan gurami mudah dibudidayakan, walaupun pertumbuhannya lambat (Rusdi,
1990; Djarijah, 1994).
Excerpts of bibliography should not include one or more paragraphs or
more in the text. One sentence or even one paragraph can also be written or
quoted from more than one person. For example:
a. Pertumbuhan Tilapia dipengaruhi oleh nilai pH (Bardach et al., 1972) dan faktor
suhu (Huet 1972).
b. Pertumbuhan ikan tergantung pada spesies, umur dan ukuran ikan, lingkungan
dan makanan (Hariati, 1989). Lebih lanjut Huet (1972) mengatakan bahwa
pertumbuhan Tilapia tergantung pada spesies dan ketersediaan pakan. Makanan
merupakan sumber energi bagi ikan (Zonneveld dkk., 1991; Mudjiman, 1992).
Literature source from the internet {browsing / download) which listed the
author's name can be used as a library material. The sources of libraries from the
internet that are not listed the name of the author should not be used as a literature.
Literature source from internet cultivated and preferred which already have ISSN
or ISBN. Source library derived from the journal and obtained by browsing /
download internet, writing in bibliography still follow the writing of the journal
and followed the website
3.12. REFERENCES
The author's name in the bibliography is listed in alphabetical order. The
author's first name, either one author or more, has the last name or last name (can
be a family name / surname), then write the first or first name abbreviation (if
any). If more than one author name, then the subsequently name written first name
abbreviation or first name first (if any) and then last name or last name.
The same author’s name, the writing name in the second or subsequent reference
just put the line along the same number of letter. If the author's name and year are
the same, then in the back of the year of writing or the year of publication there
shall be additional letters a, b, c and so on. Writing authors those more than two
persons in the bibliography should not use et al. or et al. (Only allowed in the
text). The bibliography should be written in the following order: name of author /
21
author, year of writing or year of publication, title, publisher, city and page (cited
page), while special Undergraduate Thesis / Thesis / Dissertation or Unpublished
Research Results can be written all number of pages and bounded by a dot.
Examples of writing a bibliography can be seen in Appendix 16.
3.13. FOOTNOTE
Footnotes are used when in the text there is a person's oral statement or a
person's description written in a newspaper, magazine or bulletin or secondary
data in a table or picture. Footnotes should be typed starting from the left side of
the paper at the bottom of the manuscript at a distance of 3 cm from the bottom of
the paper, separated by a dash (straight or dashed) with text and typed with a letter
smaller than the text letter, 5 spaces between footnotes (if more than one footnote)
and typed on the same page as the text where the footnote is cited. The use of
footnotes should be limited. Examples of footnotes are listed in Appendix 20.
3.14. APPENDIX
Each attachment must be completed with title, source (when quoted from
bibliography) and description (if any). Attachments in the form of tables and or
images, the way the writing is the same as the writing of tables or images in text.
3.15. MAP AND SKETCH
Maps, sketches include images and should not be included attachments,
but can be in text. Maps should be equipped with longitude and latitude with the
scale and direction of the wind. If the shape of the floor plan, then on it written the
word "floor" complete with the name of the location that made the plan
Maps depicting villages, sub districts or districts that may clarify the
reader should be inset placed at the bottom right corner of the image boundary.
Inset must also include longitude, latitude and wind direction. Map or floor plan
should be bordered. The title is placed above the top of the line and the
description is written in the drawing space. Examples of maps and floor plans can
be seen in Appendices 21 and 22 respectively.
22
GUIDANCE OF DRAFTING
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
23
IV. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING RESEARCH PROPOSAL
The drafting of Research Proposal consecutively consists of: title page,
authorization, content, references and appendix.
4.1. TITLE
The title page consecutively consists of: title, Research Proposal, study
program, symbol, by, complete student’s name, city and province of student,
faculty, university, city and year. The example of title page of Research Proposal
can be seen in Appendix 1.
4.2. AUTHORIZATION
The authorization page consists of: title, by, complete student’s name,
student ID, approval of committee and study program. The example of
authorization of Research Proposal can be seen in Appendix 2.
4.3. CONTENT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
The content of Research Proposal has to contain of: introduction, literature
review, conceptual framework and hypotheses and methodology.
4.3.1. INTRODUCTION
The introduction consists of: title, background, problems, aims and
benefits.
A. TITLE
The title should be formulated in brief, clear, rigid, and informative
sentences that is reflect the current problems and not make varying
interpretation. The title should be explanative, simple and interesting. Title
is an identity from all of paper. The writing of title maximum 14 words, if
over the provision, can be added title section.
24
B. BACKGROUND
Background should be described briefly and clearly about the
important excuse of research and factors that is triggers to conduct the
research according to the current problem. The writing of background has
not to cite all of the sentences, but it can be based on ideas which is
supported by literature using own word. The arrangement of background
should be well-organized, from general to specific and refers to the current
research.
C. PROBLEM
Problem contains of explanation about the excuse of choosing the
problem and why the problem is interesting, important, and has to be
conducted. It also should be described about the status of the problems in
more specific scope, so the wide problems can be identified, choose and
formulated as well as be a specific and can be solved through the research
that will be conducted.
D. AIMS
The aims of the research should be describe in detail and clear as
well as in line with the problem that have been formulated. The aims of the
research have to refer to the background and problem as well as eventually
answer in conclusion.
E. BENEFITS
Expected benefits of the research should be described in detail and
clearly, both for science and development and especially for all the parties
concerned with the problem that will be studied. Generally, the benefits
that will be gained are reflection in the suggestions.
25
4.3.2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review contains theoretical basis, assumptions or other
information and support on the problems that will be examined as well as a
guideline in problem solving and formulation of hypotheses (if any) that will be
tested in the study. The literature review should also contain descriptions
systematically research results that have been obtained by researchers or research
related to the previous and research to be conducted. In the presentation, it should
be outlined that the problems to be investigated was not answered or resolved
satisfactorily yet, thus it still be able to conduct in the further experiment or
sharpen the previous research.
4.3.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES
The conceptual framework of the research explains briefly and clearly as
well as sequentially thought on current problems formulated and will be
investigated and resolved, how solving and research processes, variables or
parameters investigated and the final results will be produced or expected. The
conceptual framework should also schematically illustrated by flowcharts.
Hypothesis is a brief statement inferred from the literature or the formulation of
temporary answer to the problems to be studied and should be verifiable.
Hypotheses should be stated combination of two or more variables, formulated
briefly, solid and clear and must be verifiable.
4.3.4. METHODOLOGY
The methodology describes about the research methodology in detail and
consists of: the place and time, research topic, methodology and research
schedule.
A. PLACE AND TIME
The place and time of the research should be described in detail
and clearly.
26
B. RESEARCH TOPIC
The research topic describes the equipment and materials to be
used in research and the object to be examined in detail and clearly.
Equipment and materials used for the analysis must be written with the full
specifications and the manufacturer (brand production). Materials as
research objects must also be equipped with the specification, but is not
allowed to include trademarks. If necessary, the equipment and materials
used in the study included drawings and parts or composition of the
material.
C. METHODOLOGY
Research methodology in detail explained about the research
design, procedures, parameter and data analysis.
a. RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design describes the data collection methods of
research (experimental, torch, census, case studies), experimental design,
research design and type / kind of treatment or variable (if the experiment),
the level and replications, the method of determining and sampling. The
research design adapted to the experimental design used in the research.
b. PROCEDURE
Procedure describes in detail and clear explanation of the
procedure or the implementation of the research that will be conducted,
including data collection. Writing procedure should be organized and
sequential schematically in the form of a flowchart.
c. PARAMETER
The parameter contains the measurement types or testing results of
research and calculation (when using a formula). The specified formula
must also be accompanied by the references used to cite the formula in the
manuscript. Parameters should be divided into main and supporting
parameters.
27
d. DATA ANALYSIS
The data analysis describes in detail and clear analysis that will be
used in a test / measurement / calculation the parameters of the research,
for example: statistics (ANOVA, Student Test and etc.), descriptive, and
so on.
D. RESEARCH SCHEDULE
The scheduled implementation of the study should be explained in
detail the stages of the types of activities and the execution time of the study,
include: preparation, implementation, analysis of data, preparation of reports and
consultation reports. Examples of research implementation schedule listed in
Appendix 3
4.4. REFERENCES
The references contain name/ organization/ board/ institution that their
idea/ writing are cited for literature of Research Proposal. If no cited from a
literature, then it is not allowed to be included in the references.
4.5. APPENDIX
The appendix should be consists of: the explanation of experimental
design, analysis data framework, and temporary arrangement of Undergraduate
Thesis, figure, etc.
28
V. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Drafting Undergraduate Thesis consists of: early section, content section
and end section.
5.1. EARLY SECTION
In the early section of Undergraduate Thesis consists of: title page,
authorization, approval, abstract, summary, preface, table of content, list of table,
list of figure, list of appendix and etc.
5.1.1. TITLE
The title page consecutively consists of title, Undergraduate Thesis, study
program, symbol, by, complete student’s name, city, province, faculty, university,
city and year. The example of title page of Undergraduate Thesis can be seen in
Appendix 4.
5.1.2. AUTHORIZATION
Authorization page consists of: title, status of Undergraduate Thesis, by,
complete student’s name, student ID, approval from supervisor and chief of study
program. The example of authorization page of Undergraduate Thesis can be seen
in Appendix 5.
5.1.3. APPROVAL
The approval page consists of: status of Undergraduate Thesis after oral
defense, the date of oral defense, approval form committee and dean. The example
of approval page of Undergraduate Thesis can be seen in Appendix 6.
5.1.4. ABSTRACT
The abstract is a brief and clear description on the implementation of
research process. The abstract is written in Indonesia with the description consists
of: complete student’s name, title, supervisor’s name, background, problems,
aims, methodology, and result of research (See in Appendix 7).
29
5.1.5. SUMMARY
Summary is summary written in English
5.1.6. PREFACE
Preface is brief description which is explain the status or function of
Undergraduate Thesis and acknowledgment of the author to the all who have
contributed of the implementing and finishing the Undergraduate Thesis (See in
Appendix 8).
5.1.7. TABLE OF CONTENT
The table of content consists of: chapter name in the early section, content
and end section as well as the page number. Especially in the content section, also
consists of the chapter, sub section, and sub sub section (See in Appendix 9).
5.1.8. LIST OF TABLE
The list of table consists of: number, table title, page number where the
table listed in the report (See in Appendix 10).
5.1.9. LIST OF FIGURE
The list of figure consists of number, figure title and page number where
the figure listed in the report (See in Appendix 11).
5.1.10. APPENDIX
List of appendix consists of: number, appendix title and page number
where the appendix listed in the report (See in Appendix 12).
5.1.11. OTHERS
In this section, the students, allowed to add pages if necessary, such as:
curriculum vitae, motto or grateful thanks. However, the writing of this section
has to follow the procedure of writing.
30
5.2. CONTENT SECTION
This section consists of: introduction, literature review, conceptual
framework, hypotheses, methodology, result and discussion, conclusion and
suggestion.
5.2.1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction briefly and clearly describe on the background, problems,
aims and benefits.
5.2.2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review consists of theoretical basis, previous research result
or information related to the problem in the research.
5.2.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES
The conceptual framework is described schematically through flow chart
(same as listed in Research Proposal).
5.2.4. METHODOLOGY
The research methodology in the Undergraduate Thesis describes the
process of whole research implementation. The description has to detail and clear
that consists of: place and time, materials and methods (same as listed in Research
Proposal).
5.2.5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The result and discussion includes data on the research result and its
discussion. The research result can be form as scheme, table, figure or photo
during the research. Data in the form of table or graphic is analysis result, while
the measuring process completely written in appendix. Serving data in the form of
average score or value also listed the standard deviation or standard error. It is to
know the validation of the data serving.
31
The description in the discussion includes the interpretation process on the
data analysis result of the research in order to achieve a conclusion which is
equipped by supporting literature. The writing of result and discussion should be
conducted separately.
5.2.6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
The conclusion is interpretation result of discussion which is formulated
briefly, rigid to provide brief description of research result or prove the
hypotheses. The conclusion consists of general and specific. General conclusion is
a summary of the various specific conclusions; contrary specific conclusion is the
elaboration in detail.
Suggestion is logical continuity of conclusion and can be an advice or
recommendation according to experience and student’s consideration during
research. The suggestion is intended for the researcher in the same field and wants
to continue or develop the current research. The suggestion is description from
research benefits.
5.3. END SECTION
In the end section of Undergraduate Thesis consists of: references and
appendix.
5.3.1. REFERENCES
The references has to contain all of the references which is cited and
written by author in the report, except the material which is not publish yet and
cannot be found in the library. The material such as private information from
personal interview, handbook, brochure, etc. has to be explained in footnote in the
text and not listed in references. The main aims of references are provide the
information, so people can easily access and find the source which is mention in
an Undergraduate Thesis.
32
5.3.2. APPENDIX
The appendix is additional information and directly supporting which is
used to interpret the result and discussion. The appendix can be form as analysis
data, scheme, process or mechanism, table, sketch, figure, photo, graphic, and etc.
33
VI. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
The Scientific Article is scientific paper and a part of Undergraduate
Thesis. The procedure of drafting the Scientific Article is adjusted by the
procedure of drafting the Undergraduate Thesis. The Scientific Article
consecutively consists of: Title page, authorization page, and content of Scientific
Article. The total page of Scientific Article maximum is 15 pages and the writing
without page number.
6.1. TITLE PAGE
The title page consecutively consists of title, Scientific Article, study
program, symbol of university, by, complete student’s name, city and province,
faculty, university, city and year. The example of title page of Scientific Article
can be seen in Appendix 13.
6.2. AUTHORIZATION
The authorization page consists of: title, status of Scientific Article, by,
complete student’s name, student ID, approval from supervisor and dean (See in
Appendix 14).
6.3. CONTENT OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
The content of Scientific Article consists of: title, author, abstract,
introduction, methodology, result and discussion, conclusion and suggestion,
references, and appendix. The writing of Scientific Article has distance 1.5 spaces,
except for title and abstract has distance 1 space.
6.3.1. TITLE
The tittle is written in Indonesia and English
6.3.2. AUTHOR
The author consists of: student, supervisor without title, year and total
page number.
34
6.3.3. ABSTRACT
The abstract is written in Indonesia and English with the keyword, which
is consists of: brief background, problems, aims, methodology and research result
(See in Appendix 15).
6.3.4. INTRODUCTION
Introduction consists of: background, problems, aims and benefits.
6.3.5. METHODOLOGY
The research methodology consists of: place and time, materials and
methods.
6.3.6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Result and discussion is described in brief, concise, and clear. In the result
can attach the table, figure, and/or photos of research result.
6.3.7. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.3.8. REFERENCES
6.3.9. APPENDIX (optional)
35
Appendix 1. Example of Title Page on Research Proposal
THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE
AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM
By:
ALFI HERAWATI
SIDOARJO-EAST JAVA
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
2009
36
Appendix 2. Example of Authorization Page on Research Proposal
THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE
AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna
By:
ALFI HERAWATI
STUDENT ID 060410151 P
Approval,
Committee
First Supervisor Second Supervisor
NIP. NIP.
Approval,
Chief of Aquaculture Study Program
NIP.
37
Appendix 3. Example of Timeline Writing on Research Implementation
a. Narrative form
Number Activity Time Schedule (day)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Preparation
1.1 Permission
Drafting Research Proposal
Consulting Research Proposal
Conducting Research
Drafting Undergraduate Thesis
Consulting Undergraduate Thesis
2
10
10
60
15
15
Total 112
b. Matrix form
No. Activity April May June
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Preparation
1.1 Permission
Drafting
Research
Proposal
Consulting
Research
Proposal
Seminar
Conducting
Research
Drafting
Undergraduate
Thesis
Consulting
Undergraduate
Thesis
Seminar
Oral Defense
Delivering
Undergraduate
Thesis Book
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
38
Appendix 4. Example of Title Page on Undergraduate Thesis
THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE
AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM
By:
ALFI HERAWATI
SIDOARJO-EAST JAVA
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
2009
39
Appendix 5. Example of Authorization Page on Undergraduate Thesis
THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE
AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna
Undergraduate Thesis is one of requirement for achieving Bachelor Title on
Aquaculture Study Program in Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Universitas Airlangga
By:
ALFI HERAWATI
STUDENT ID 060410151 P
Approval,
Committee
First Supervisor Second Supervisor
NIP. NIP.
Approval,
Chief of Aquaculture Study Program
NIP.
40
Appendix 6. Example of Approval Page on Undergraduate Thesis
After learning and testing conscientiously, we conclude this Undergraduate
Thesis, both the scope and quality can be proposed as one of requirement for
achieving the Bachelor Title of Fisheries
Oral defense date:…………..
Approval,
Committee,
Chief
NIP.
Secretary Member
NIP. NIP.
Member Member
NIP. NIP.
Surabaya, ……………….
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Universitas Airlangga
Dean,
NIP.
41
Appendix 7. Example of Abstract
ABSTRACT
OINI SHIANTININGSIH. Effect of Glucose on Motility and Lifecycle of
Spermatozoa of Cyprinus carpio Linn. Supervisor Dr. Laksmi
Sulmartiwi, S.Pi, MP. and Prof. Dr. Ir. Kusriningrum Rohiman, MS.
The maturation period of male garnet and goldfish females (Cyprinus
carpio Linn.) that do not occur simultaneously will lead to difficulties in
spawning as well as disrupt the balance of seed provision. This can be overcome
by storing spermatozoa. Storage of spermatozoa requires the addition of diluents
and energy sources to support the survival of spermatozoa. One source of energy
required by spermatozoa is obtained from simple sugars such as glucose.
This study aims to determine the effect of glucose addition on physiologic
NaCI diluent medium to motility and long life of goldfish spermatozoa. The
research method was experiment with Completely Randomized Design (RAL) as
experiment design. The discharges used are different doses of glucose, i.e. GO
(0%), G1 (0.01%), G2 (0.05%), G3 (0.1%), G4 (0.5%), G5 (1%) and G6 (1.6%)
each treatment was repeated 4 times. The main parameters observed were motility
(%) and length of life (days) of spermatozoa. The observed parameters were fresh
sperm concentration (cell / ml), fresh sperm motility (%), duration of life
(minutes) of fresh sperm, pH, volume, viscosity and sperm color. Analyze the data
using the Variety Analyzer (ANAVA) and to know the best treatment is done
Duncan Multiple Spots.
The results showed that the addition of glucose with different doses gave a
real effect (P <0.05) on the motility and length of life of carp spermatozoa. The
highest mean spermatozoa motility was observed in G2 treatment (0.05%) and
lowest in treatment G6 (1.6%). The average length of live spermatozoa carp was
found in treatment G2 (0.05%), i.e. 2 days, while the lowest was G6 (1.6%), i.e.
0.125 days. Further research is needed to find out the ability of spermatozoa carp
of the admissions result in fertilization process.
42
Appendix 8. Example of Preface
All praise and gratitude of the writer prayed to Allah over the abundance
of His grace and guidance, so the Undergraduate Thesis entitled Effect of Glucose
on Motility and Lifecycle of Spermatozoa of Cyprinus carpio Linn. is able to
finished. This Undergraduate Thesis is prepared in order to meet the requirements
to obtain a Bachelor of Fisheries Degree in Aquaculture Studies Program, Faculty
of Fisheries and Marine University Airlangga Surabaya.
On this occasion, I would like to say thank you as much as possible to: 1)
Mrs. Laksmi Sulmartiwi, S.Pi., MP. as first supervisor and Professor. Dr. Ir. Hj.
Kusriningrum Rohiman, MS. as a second supervisor who has provided guidance,
guidance and guidance since the preparation of Research Proposal to the
completion of preparation of this Undergraduate Thesis, 2) Mr. A. Shofy
Mubarak, S.Pi., M.Si, Ir. Sudarno, M.Kes. And Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, S.Pi.,
M.Si. as committee who have provided input and suggestions for the
improvement of this Undergraduate Thesis, 3) Mrs. Prof. Dr. Drh. Hj. Sri Subekti,
DEA .. as the Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga
Surabaya and 4) all parties who have assisted the author in the implementation
and completion of this thesis.
The author realizes that this Undergraduate Thesis is still not perfect, so
that criticism and constructive suggestion is very author expect for the
improvement and perfection of this thesis. Finally, the authors hope that this
scientific work is useful and can provide information for all parties.
43
Appendix 8. Example of Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Jue-Liang Hsu,
Ph.D for his supervising and for giving me the opportunity to conduct my research
in his laboratory at the Department of Biological Science and Technology,
National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. I am grateful for his
vast knowledge, his constructive, his fascinating discussing and sure for his
continuous support for me to finish my master study. His patience and guidance
helped me in all the time of research and writing of my thesis. Special thanks to
Prof. Chi-I Chang and Yu Jen Wu, Ph.D who was willing to participate at my
final defense committee and absolutely Prof. Sukoso for his support and
encouragement during the whole thesis. His expert knowledge has been a great
support for my research.
I would like to thanks my colleagues in BT207 laboratory: Sin-Hong
Chen, Yahui Shih, Wei Chu Chen, Zong Han Tsai Wei-Lin Chen, Wan-Ru Huang
and Chong-Gu Jhou for their help, assistance and for creating friendly
atmosphere. A great thanks to all my Indonesian Students in NPUST for their
continuous support. Furthermore, I would like thanks to Double Degree Program
of Brawijaya University for having cooperation with NPUST.
Last but not the least, I would like thanks to my parents Eko Yulili and
Luluk Hari Yuliasih, my sister Arumantika and my brother in law Ronny Prasetyo
for always praying and continuous supporting for my every decisions and through
all my studies. Most of all, I grateful thanks to Allah SWT for all his blessing.
44
Appendix 9. Example of Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. iv
SUMMARY .................................................................................................. vi
PREFACE ..................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ ix
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xii
LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF APPENDIX ................................................................................... xiv
I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Problems ................................................................................ 3
1.3 Aims ...................................................................................... 3
1.4 Benefit ................................................................................... 3
II. LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................. 4
2.1. Classification and Morphology ............................................. 4
2.2. Biology .................................................................................. 5
So on ..................................................................................... 6
III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................. 20
3.1. Conceptual Framework ......................................................... 20
3.2. Hypotheses ............................................................................ 21
IV. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................ 22
4.1. Place and Time ...................................................................... 22
4.2. Research Material.................................................................. 22
4.3. Research Method ................................................................... 23
4.3.1. Experimental Design ................................................. 23
4.3.2. Research Implementation .......................................... 23
4.3.3. Parameters ................................................................. 28
4.3.4. Data Analysis ............................................................ 29
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ......................................................... 30
45
5.1. Result .................................................................................... 30
5.1.1. Sperm Viability Test ................................................. 30
5.1.2. Spermatozoa Motility ................................................ 31
5.1.3. Spermatozoa Vitality ................................................. 32
5.2. Discussion ............................................................................. 34
5.2.1. Sperm Viability Test ................................................. 34
5.2.2. Spermatozoa Motility ................................................ 36
5.2.3. Spermatozoa Vitality ................................................. 38
VI. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION ............................................... 40
6.1. Conclusion ............................................................................ 40
6.2. Suggestion ............................................................................. 41
REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 42
APPENDIX ................................................................................................... 48
46
Appendix 10. Example of List of Table
LIST OF TABLE
Table Page
1. Average measurement of water quality before treatment ................. 21
2. Average examination of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) sperm and ovum
quality ................................................................................................ 38
3. Results of variance the effect of surfactant detergent on hatching goldfish
(Cyprinus carpio) eggs ...................................................................... 50
47
Appendix 11. Example of List of Table
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Page
1. Morphology of shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) ............................. 15
2. The average amount of zooid Zoothamnium sp. on various organs in
shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) ...................................................... 17
3. Pathology of shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) ................................. 19
48
Appendix 12. Example of List of Appendix
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix Page
1. Equipment and material research ...................................................... 43
2. Procedure of making histopathology preparation ............................. 44
3. Histopathology of shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) which attacked disease
........................................................................................................... 45
4. Examination data and clinical symptom of shrimp (Panaeus monodon
Fab.) which attacked by Zoothamnium sp. ....................................... 46
49
Appendix 13. Example of Title Page on Scientific Article
THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE
AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM
By:
ALFI HERAWATI
SIDOARJO-EAST JAVA
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
2009
50
Appendix 5. Example of Authorization Page on Undergraduate Thesis
THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE
AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna
Scientific Article is one of requirement for achieving Bachelor Title on
Aquaculture Study Program in Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Universitas Airlangga
By:
ALFI HERAWATI
STUDENT ID 060410151 P
Approval,
Committee
First Supervisor Second Supervisor
NIP. NIP.
Surabaya, ……………….
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Universitas Airlangga
Dean,
NIP.
51
Appendix 15. Example of Abstract on Scientific Article
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN SUPPLEMEN L-CARNITINE DALAM
PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN POST LARVA UDANG WINDU
(Panaeus monodon Fabricus)
Achmad Fathoni, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti dan Woro Hastuti Satyantini. 2009. 15
hal.
Abstrak
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Kata kunci:
EFFECT OF UTILIZATION L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENT IN FEED ON THE
GROWTH OF TIGER PRAWN (Panaeus monodon Fabricus)
POST LARVA
Achmad Fathoni, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti dan Woro Hastuti Satyantini. 2009. 15 p.
Abstract
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Keywords:
52
Appendix 16. Example of Writing References
Text Book
An author
Boyd, C. E. 1979. Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds. Auburn University.
Alabama. pp. 200-213.
Surachmad, W. 1980. Pengantar Penelitian llmiah. Tarsito. Bandung, hal. 100-
110.
Two authors
Hanafiah, A. M. dan A. M. Saefudin. 1983. Tataniaga Hasil Perikanan.
Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta, hal. 20-26.
Storer, T. I. and R. L. Usinger. 1957. General Zoology. 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill
Book Company Inc. New York. pp. 30-36.
Three or more authors
Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach and R. E. Miller. 1977. Ichthyology. John Wiley and
Sons. New York. pp. 130-135.
Zonneveld, N., E. A. Huismann dan J. H. Boon. 1991. Prinsip-Prinsip Budidaya
Ikan. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, hal. 290-300.
Same author
Yatim, W. 1986. Genetika. Tarsito. Bandung, hal. 210-113.
Yatim, W. 1990. Reproduksi dan Embriologi. Tarsito. Bandung, hal. 100-110.
The same author and year
Martosubroto, P. 1977a. Hutan Bakau dan Peranannya dalam Perikanan Udang.
Makalah pada Seminar II Perikanan Udang, 15-18 Maret 1977. Jakarta. 30
hal.
Martosubroto, P. 1977b. Mangrove in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Workshop on
Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific Region,
14-19 November 1977. Philippines, pp. 153-160.
Different author and same year
Martosubroto, P. 1977a. Hutan Bakau dan Peranannya dalam Perikanan Udang. Makalah pada Seminar II Perikanan Udang, 15-18 Maret 1977. Jakarta. 30 hal.
Martosubroto, P. 1977b. Mangrove in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific Region, 14-19 November 1977. Philippines, pp. 153-160.
53
Without Author
Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. 1987. Usaha Monoseks Ikan Nila Merah Dengan
Menggunakan Hormon. Kumpulan Paket Teknologi Budidaya Ikan Air
Tawar. Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. Sukabumi. hal. 26-29.
Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. 1988. Petunjuk Teknis Budidaya Ikan Nila Merah.
Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. Sukabumi. hal. 10-13.
Jakarta National Academy Press. 1985. Workshop on Marine Algae
Biotechnology : Summary Report, 11-13 December 1985. Jakarta National
Academy Press. Jakarta, pp. 100-108
Bound book
Hoar, W. S. and D. J. Randall. 1970. Fish Physiology. Vol. IV. Academic Press
Inc. London. pp. 209-252.
McVey, J. P. 1983. CRC Handbook of Mariculture. Volume I. CRC Press Inc.
Boca Raton. Florida, pp. 15-16.
Translation book
Booth, A. dan P. MCCawley. 1982. Ekonomi Orde Baru. LP3ES. Jakarta, hal. 30-
32.
Ganong, W. F. 1979. Fisiologi Kedokteran. Terjemahan: Ajidharma.
EGC. Jakarta. hal. 391-430.
Nybakken, J. W. 1988. Biologi Laut : Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Terjemahan:
M. Eidman. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, hal. 200-212.
Edition book
Djarwanto, P. 1985. Statistik Non Parametrik. Edisi 2. BPFE. Yogyakarta. hal.
30-34.
Sheperd, W. R. 1956. Historical Atlas. 8th Edition. Barnes and Noble. New York.
pp. 50-55.
Not by the relevant author
Hoar, W. S. 1969. Reproduction. In : W. S. Hoar and J. H. Randall (Eds.). Fish
Physiology. Vol. III. Academic Press Inc. New York. pp. 1-69.
Ramelan, S. H. 2001. Rencana Pengembangan Budidaya Laut di Indonesia.
Dalam : A. Sudrajat, A. Rukyani dan E. Danakusumah (Eds.). Teknologi
Budidaya Laut dan Pengembangan Sea Farming di Indonesia. Puslitbang
Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta, hal. 30-40
Journal
Carman, O., T. Oshiro and F. Takashima. 1991. Estimation of Effective Condition
for Induction of Triploidy in Goldfish, Carassius auratus Linn. Journal of
the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 78 (2): 127-135.
54
Carman, O., T. Oshiro and F. Takashima. 1992. Variation in the Maximum
Number of Nucleoli in Diploid and Triploid Common Carp. Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi, 58 (12), Formerly Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish : 2302-2309.
Merchie, G., P. Lavens and P. Dhert 1995. Variation of Ascorbic Acid Content in
Different Live Food Organisms. Aquaculture, 134 : 325-337.
Prawiro, S. 1989. Kepiting di Pasaran Intemasional. Bull. Warta Mina, 30 (III): 8-
14.
Slamet, B., Tridjoko, A. Prijono, T. Setiadharma dan K. Sugama. 1996.
Penyerapan Nutrisi Endogen, Tabiat Makan dan Perkembangan Morfologi
Larva Kerapu Bebek {Cromileptes altivelis). Jumal Penelitian Perikanan
Indonesia, II (2): 13-21
Newspaper
In one page
Kurniawan, M. dan A Ali. 2000. Problematika Kelautan di Indonesia. Jawa Pos, 7
Juni 2000 : 5.
Kompas. 2005. Konflik Antar Nelayan : Akibat OTODA. Kompas, 6 April 2005 :
6.
Separated page
Sugito, Y. 1992. Problematika Diversifikasi Pangan. Jawa Pos, 16 Oktober 1992 :
4, 7.
Article/ Paper in seminar/ workshop (proceeding)
Liao, I. C, M. S. Su and H. M. Su. 1991. An Overview of Live Feeds Production
Systems Design in Taiwan. Rotifer and Microalgae Systems. Proceeding of
a U. S - Asia Workshop. Honolulu, pp. 1-20.
Muchari, A., Supriatna, R. Purba, T. Achmad dan H. Kohno. 1991. Pemeliharaan
Larva Kerapu Macan {Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Makalah Seminar on
Marine Finfish Culture, 10-12 Agustus 1991. Jakarta. 12 hal.
Mundayana, Y. 2001. Pengelolaan Pakan Ikan. Makalah pada Pelatihan Manajer
Mutu, 22-31 Oktober 2001. BBAT. Sukabumi. 50 hal.
Research result
Mukti, A. T. dan W. H. Satyantini. 2003. Pemanfaatan Suplemen L-CanYrtine
untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan dan Pertumbuhan Larva Udang Galah
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man.). Lembaga Penelitian. Universitas
Airiangga. Surabaya. 50 hal.
Yuniarti, A. 1998. Pengaruh Pemberian Enzim Papain dalam Ransum Pakan Ikan
temadap Daya Cema Nutrien Ikan Gurami (Osphmnemus gouramy).
Fakultas Perikanan. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. 35 hal.
55
Research result which is not issued or published yet
Barizi, A. 2000. Teknik Perencanaan Linear untuk Penyusunan Rencana di
Bidang Pertanian. IPB. Bogor. 150 hal. (tidak diterbitkan).
Suprapto, H. 2001. Mechanisms of Humoral Defense Against Bacterial Infection
of Penaeus monodon After Vaccination with Vibrio Bacterin. 50 p.
(unpublished).
Article in encyclopedia
Julian, T. W. 1974Th. Goldfish. e Dell Encyclopedia of Tropical Fish. Dell
Publishing Co. Inc. pp. 93-96.
Morris, E. P. 1936. The Latin Language. Encyclopedia Americana, 17 : 47-48.
Undergraduate thesis/ thesis/ dissertation
Carman, O. 1992. Chromosome Set Manipulation in Some Warmwater Fish.
Doctoral Thesis. Tokyo University of Fisheries. Japan. 131 p.
Mukti, A. T. 2001. Poliploidisasi Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L). Tesis. Program
Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. 81 hal.
Sahly, A. F. 1993. Pengaruh Pemberian 17-Metiltestosteron (MT) dengan Dosis
Rendah terhadap Keberhasilan Perubahan Jenis Kelamin Ikan Nila Merah
(Oreochromis spp.). Skripsi. Budidaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan.
Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. 68 hal.
Suprapto, H. 1994. Studies on The Virulence Factors of Edwardsiella tarda.
Thesis. Hiroshima University. Japan. 100 p.
Internet
Hiroshi. 2003. L-Carnitine Lose Fat Fast and More (Higher Power L-Carnitine).
http://www.bodybuilding.com tanggal/bulan/tahun akses. 4 hal.
Premanathan, M., K. Kathiresan and H. Nakashima. 1999. Mangrove Halophytes:
A Sources of Antiviral Substances. South Pacific Study, Vol. 19, No. 1-2.
http://cpi.kagoshima-u.ac.jp. 21 Januari2009. 10 hal.
Takami, G. H. A., M. Amini and M. R. Naghavi. 2006. Masculinization Effect of
17a-Methyltestosterone on Developmental Stages of Guppy. J. Sci. and
Technol. Agric. & Natur. Resour., 10 (2): 1-15.
http://www.google.com/joumals. 10 Maret2009. 15 hal.
Takashi, K. 2003. L-Nutrition. http://www.l-men.com.tanggal/bulan/tahun akses.
5 hal.
Withnall, F. 2004. Biology of Yabbies (Cherax dextructor).
http://www.google.com/yabbies. 03/02/2009. 3 hal.
56
Appendix 17. Example of Writing and Adhering Table
Table 1. Water quality data maintenance of grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) in PT.
Bahari Sejahtera Situbondo
Container Time Temperature (°C)
pH DO (ppm)
C02
(ppm)
Morning 26,00 6,80 6,40 0,06
I Afternoon 29,15 7,60 5,68 0,03
Night 24,16 6,60 4,08 0,11
Morning 26,00 6,80 6,40 0,06
II Afternoon 29,15 7,60 5,68 0,03
Night 24,16 6,60 4,08 0,11
Morning 26,00 6,80 6,40 0,06
III Afternoon 29,15 7,60 5,68 0,03
Night 24,16 6,60 4,08 0,11
Table 2. Potential and condition of utilization of fisheries in East Java 1996
Business Potential production
(ton)
Production (ton)
Utilization (%)
1. Catching
North sea coastal of Bali and
Madura strait
South coastal and ZEE
Common aquatic
2. Aquaculture
Pond
Field pond
Pond, Minapadi dan Karamba
214.970,80
403.448,00
19.494,00
82.000,00
45.000,00
39.700,00
254.496,40
23.116,40
14.254,40
73.310,70
33.064,20
19.610,40
118,39
5,73
73,14
89,40
73,48
49,39
Total 804.612,80 419.117,10 52,09
Source: Fisheries Department of East Java (1998)
57
Table 3. Aquaculture production of ten district in east java
No. District Aquaculture Production12
Tambak Kolam Karamba Mina Sawah
Padi Tambak
1. Pacitan - 38,10 - - 20,70
2. Ponorogo - 92,40 1,10 0,20 -
3. Trenggalek - 50,50 - - -
4. Tulungagung 20,90 3,70 - - -
5. Blitar 288.00 1.211,50 15,30 89,80 -
6. Kediri - 469,40 - 121.97 -
7. Malang 172,20 50,60 6,20 11,40 -
8. Lumajang 350,80 170,40 403,00 16,00 -
9. Jember 478,70 247,00 3,40 34,90 -
10. Banyuwangi 2.109,10 66,30 3,00 - -
Information: 1 Unit production (ton)
2 Source: Fisheries Statistics (1996)
58
Appendix 18. Example of Writing and Adhering Figure
Figure 1. Measurement of fish body length during one year
Figure 2. Relative growth rate of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) on period 110 days
59
Figure 1. Measurement of fish body length; male (a) and female (b)
Figure 2. Measurement of fish body length on maintenance result during one year
Information: a. Male
b. Female
60
Appendix 19. Example of Spelling Rules for Element Uptake from Foreign
Language
Asing Serapan Asing Serapan
Acclimatization Aklimatisasi Larvae Larva
Active Aktif Management Manajemen
Activity Aktivitas Morphology Morfologi
Aerobe Aerob Morphometric Morfometrik
Analysis Analisis Nucleolus Nukleolus
Aquaculture Akuakultur Nucleus Nukleus
Aquatic Akuatik Nutrient Nutrien
Autotrope Autotrop Oxygen Oksigen
Biology Biologi Percentage Persentase
Carbondioxyda Karbondioksida Phase Fase
Cell Sel Phosphor Fosfor
Central Sentral Phyllogenetic Filogenetik
Chemistry Kimia Physic Fisik
Chromosome Kromosom Physiology Fisiologi
Cycle Siklus Phytoplankton Fitoplankton
Classification Klasifikasi Poliploidyzation Poliploidisasi
Composition Komposisi Primair/ primary Primer
Construction Kontruksi Pseudo Pseudo
Contour Kontur Ptyalin Ptialin
Control Kontrol Qualiteit / quality Kualitas
Cubic Kubik Quantity Kuantitas
Culture Kultur Radiation Radiasi
Description Deskripsi Ratio Rasio
Effect Efek Rhytm Ritme
Effective Efektif Sample Sampel
Efficient Efisien Scheme Skema
Embryo Embrio Synthesis Sintesis
Energy Energi System Sistem
Equator Ekuator Tecnique Teknik
Excess Ekses Thrombosis Trombosis
Extra Ekstra Vaccine Vaksin
Frequency Frekuensi Zeolite Zeolit
Haemoglobin Hemoglobin Zygote Zigot
61
a. Oral Statement
The fisherman society is not comfort is they are called as poor fisherman a.
It is contrary with the statement of some experts.
-------------------------
a Information of Dr. Waluto Sempati (2000)
62
Appendix 21. Example of Map
Appendix 1. Accessibility map of National Park Meru Betiri in East Java
63
Appendix 22. Example of Sketch
Appendix 10. Sketch of spawning pond in PT. Mina Ardiso Farm
b
b b
b b
b
c c c
a a a a
Information:
a. Spawning pond
b. Larvae pond
c. Seed pond
U
B T
S
64
Appendix 23
Name : …………………………………
Student ID :………………………………….
Semester :………………………………….
Supervisor : 1. ………………………………
2………………………………...
Day/ Date :…………………………………..
Title :……………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………...
Background :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Problems :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Aims :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Benefits :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Methodology :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Surabaya, ………………………….
First Supervisor,
…………………………..
NIP.
SEMINAR PAPER OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
65
Appendix 24
Name : …………………………………
Student ID :………………………………….
Semester :………………………………….
Supervisor : 1. ………………………………
2………………………………...
Day/ Date :…………………………………..
Title :……………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………...
Background :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Problems :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Aims :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Benefits :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Methodology :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Result and Discussion :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion and Suggestion :
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
References
Surabaya, ………………………….
First Supervisor,
…………………………..
NIP.
SEMINAR PAPER OF RESEARCH RESULT
AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA