UK FFAG PlansUK FFAG Plans

• Introduction to FFAGs

• Scaling vs non-scaling

• Non-scaling FFAGs

• Non-scaling POP

• Why the interest?

• UK plans

FFAGsFFAGs

• Fixed Field, Alternating Gradient rapid cycling large acceptance large pulsed and cw current

• First machines built in 1960s

• Resurrected in late 1990s for muon acceleration

• Wide range of applications now under study

• Main emphasis: scaling

• All machines built so far: scaling

• Emphasis changing: non-scaling

Scaling vs Non-scalingScaling vs Non-scaling

• Non-scaling: - smaller orbit radius increase with energy smaller aperture magnets (10) smaller circumference - linear variation in B-field simpler magnets

should be cheaper than scaling FFAG

- parabolic variation in revolution frequency with energy

Scaling vs Non-scalingScaling vs Non-scaling

/p

Travel time Path length

smaller variation in frequency

synchronous with RF at two energies

no need to modulate RF

CW operation possible?

Non-scalingNon-scaling

Problems:

• Rapid tune variation: many integer + half integer resonances crossed*

• Acceleration outside buckets*

• Neither properly tested

• Non-scaling may bring substantial cost savings

• “ “ “ have “ benefits

non-scaling POP

Electron ModelElectron Model

• Aim: test the muon machine

• Not too expensive: ring ~ 20m circumference

• Acceleration: 10-20 MeV; higher E(inj) interesting

• Extraction also necessary (diagnostics)

• Recognised that study of resonances important variable energy from driver

• RF frequency: 2.86GHz vs 1.3GHz

• Lower frequency interesting because more turns

• Resonance crossing & out of bucket accel: 2 RF systems

• Cost: CJ ~$2M for magnets (most expensive bit)

Electron ModelElectron Model

Keil model:

Orbit cell length (triplet): 0.38m Number of cells: 45 Circumference: 17.1m RF gain: 2.25 MeV RF frequency: ~3 MHz Harmonic number: 171 Magnet bore radius F/D: 25/32 mm Magnet length: 50/100 mm

10 to 20 MeV in 5 turns

Non-scaling, linear

AlternativesAlternatives

…………..but there are other non-scaling FFAGs..but there are other non-scaling FFAGs

Ruggiero & Trbojevic:Ruggiero & Trbojevic:

• 1.5-GeV BNL-AGS Upgrade C = 807 m

• 1.0-GeV 10-MWatt Proton Driver C = 202 m

• 250-MeV Medical Facility C = 36 m

D FFS S

gg

All non-scaling lattices

AlternativesAlternatives

200 MeV

1.0 GeV

200 MeV 1.0 GeV200 MeV

1.0 GeV

F-Sector D-Sector RF Long Straight

10 cm x 20 cm Elliptical Vacuum Chamber

Variable Width Variable Gap

> 10 cm

10 cm Diameter Circular Vacuum Chamber

Shaped poles and minimised edge effects to reduce tune variation

Feedback from FFAG04Feedback from FFAG04

Feedback from FFAG04Feedback from FFAG04

AlternativesAlternatives

Rees:Rees:8-20 GeV isochronous muon FFAG, 16 turns

8-20 MeV electron model, 20 turns

O bd(-) o F(±) o BD(+) o F(±) o bd(-) O

Bending angle over the cell = (360/123)o = 2.92683o

sector entry sector exit

0.5 2.42.4 0.50.5 0.5

1.26m 0.620.620.45 0.45

Non-scaling, but non-linear (polarity flips for Fs)

Why the Interest in FFAGs?Why the Interest in FFAGs?

The reasons: The reasons: current and rep ratecurrent and rep rate reliability reliability cost cost losses losses

acceptanceacceptance

Proton therapy:

Proton TherapyProton Therapy

Standard:

Needs to be reasonably

fast

Mori claims: synchrotrons killed by space chargecyclotrons killed by losses

IBA machines have had problemsFFAGs are ideal

Spot scanning

Proton TherapyProton Therapy

Proton TherapyProton Therapy

…..at PSI

1st dimension

2nd dimension

3rd dimension

Beam: 7mm FWHM 5mins for 1L tumour

Proton TherapyProton Therapy

…..at PSI

Proton TherapyProton Therapy

For hospital use:

- reliability

- very small losses

- minimum cost

- 12C option

- variable energy extraction

e.g. FFAGs?

UK PlansUK Plans

• Develop FFAG experience (scaling & non-scaling)

• Build non-scaling POP for muon FFAG

• Investigate FFAGs for proton therapy

• Build non-scaling POP for muon FFAG

• Muon machine is hardest

• Check all features

• But also learn about non-scaling for other applications

• Collaboration forming:- CCLRC, Cockcroft, Oxford, White Rose -

CERN, Saclay, Orsay - BNL, FNAL, TRIUMF - KEK

• Location: DL

UK PlansUK Plans

UK PlansUK Plans

UK PlansUK Plans

Possible FundingPossible Funding

• White Rose Consortium: proposal in last round

• Nearly successful

• Good contacts: politically and in health field

• Plan to re-submit in this round

• Under discussion, but change in emphasis:- building UK FFAG community- proton therapy- non-scaling POP

• Bring us:- more people - some

funding for POP equipment

• Deadlines: Outline proposals - 14th February Full proposals ~ September

Basic Technology Fund:Basic Technology Fund:

Possible FundingPossible Funding

• New and Emerging Science and Technology- Insight- Pathfinder- Adventure

EC:EC:

“Adventure projects are ‘visionary’ research projects, aiming to create and/or develop new opportunities for science and technology which could have a very high potential payoff in

the long term, in particular in new interdisciplinary areas. They are identified by their characteristics of significant novelty,

very high ambition and high impact.”

• Combating cancer

• Waste transmutation

• Already funding BNCT

• Clearly something EC is interested in funding

• Next call……..December

• Deadline………13th April!

• Two stage process: 5 pages & admin forms

• Other possibilities: FP7 Design Study

Possible FundingPossible Funding

• Temperature of water being tested

• Presence at “Health Event” in Feb planned

• Responsive RA proposal?

• SOI?

PPARC:PPARC:

• Similar approach possible

EPSRC:EPSRC: