Post on 09-Mar-2018
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Ben Graybeal, Ph.D., P.E.Team Leader – Bridge Engineering ResearchU.S. Federal Highway Administration202-493-3122benjamin.graybeal@dot.gov
Mid-Atlantic Quality Assurance Workshop – February 2017
An Introduction to Ultra-High Performance Concrete
UHPC 101
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
• FHWA HRT-13-060– Published in June 2013– 300+ references– 600+ item bibliography
Mix Designs, Material Properties, Design Guidelines, Deployment, etc.
UHPC State-of-the-Art Report
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
FHWA UHPC Web Resources
• Web Search: FHWA UHPC• https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/resources/uhpc/
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Deployments Across US and Canada
http://usdot.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=41929767ce164eba934d70883d775582
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Deployments Across US and Canada
http://usdot.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=41929767ce164eba934d70883d775582
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?Fiber Reinforcement
Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Particle PackingTheory
Superplasticizers
Nist.gov American Coal Ash Association
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
• ACI 239 – Ultra-High Performance Concrete– Concrete, ultra-high performance - concrete that
has a minimum specified compressive strength of 150 MPa (22,000 psi) with specified durability, tensile ductility and toughness requirements; fibers are generally included to achieve specified requirements.
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
• FHWA– UHPC is a cementitious composite material
composed of an optimized gradation of granular constituents, a water-to-cementitious materials ratio less than 0.25, and a high percentage of discontinuous internal fiber reinforcement. The mechanical properties of UHPC include compressive strength greater than 21.7 ksi(150 MPa) and sustained post-cracking tensile strength greater than 0.72 ksi (5 MPa).
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
Highly durable, strain-hardening concrete
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
Micro-Reinforced Concrete
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
Resilient Cementitious Composite
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Availability of UHPC-Class MaterialsExample Proprietary Versions Non-Proprietary Versions
FHWA-HRT-13-100: Dr. Kay Willie at UCONN
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Example Composition of a UHPC
Constituent Amount (lb/yd3) Amount (kg/m3)Portland Cement 1235 733Silica Fume 388 230Ground Quartz 308 183Fine Sand 1699 1008Steel Fibers 327 194Superplasticizer 56 33Water 271 161
* Teichmann and Schmidt report titled “Mix Design and Durability of UHPC”from the Proceedings of the 4th Intl Ph.D. Symposium in Civil Engineering
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Example Composition of a UHPC
Constituent Amount (lb/yd3) Amount (kg/m3)Portland Cement 1331 790Silica Fume 334 198Fly Ash (Class F) 324 192Fine Basalt 1923 1141Steel Fibers 199 118Superplasticizer 47 28Water 246 146
* Wille and Boisvert-Cotulio report titled “Development of Non-ProprietaryUHPC for Use in the Highway Bridge Sector” (FHWA NTIS-PB2013-100587)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Fiber Reinforcement
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Compression Behavior
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 0.0025 0.005 0.0075 0.01
Axia
l Str
ess
(ksi
)
Axial Strain (in/in)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Tensile Behavior
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01
Aver
age
Axia
l Str
ess
(ksi
)
Average Axial Strain (in/in)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Tensile Behavior
0.0
2.8
5.5
8.3
11.0
13.8
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Aver
age
Axia
l Str
ess (
MPa
)
Aver
age
Axia
l Str
ess (
ksi)
Average Axial Strain
D
• 2% Steel Fiber Reinforcement• 13 ksi ≤ fc’ ≤ 16 ksi
EB
A
C
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Tensile Behavior
0.0
2.8
5.5
8.3
11.0
13.8
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Aver
age
Axia
l Str
ess (
MPa
)
Aver
age
Axia
l Str
ess (
ksi)
Average Axial Strain
D (4%)
• 13 ksi ≤ fc’ ≤ 19 ksi
E (3.25%)
B (3.25%)
A (3%)
C (4.5%)
D (3%)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Tensile Behavior
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Compression Strength Gain
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Com
pres
sive
Str
engt
h (k
si)
Days after Mix Initiation
105F (40C)73F (23C)50F (10C)
Curing Regime
13 14 1527 28 290.0
34.5
68.9
103.4
137.9
172.4
55 56 57
Com
pres
sive
Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Interface Bond
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Tens
ile S
tres
s at
Bon
d Fa
ilure
(ksi
)
Age of UHPC During Test: 14-Days
U-A
U-B
Load Load
Supports
Interface
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Shrinkage Behavior
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Auto
geno
us d
efor
mat
ion
(µε)
Time (days)
U-D
U-C
U-A
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Durability
USACE Facility at Treat Island
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Permeability
• Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient
2 x 10-11 m2/s for conventional concrete
2 x 10-12 m2/s for HPC
2 x 10-13 m2/s for UHPC
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Durability
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
28 days 56 daysAge
Cha
rged
Pas
sed
(Cou
lom
bs)
U-A
U-C
U-D
U-E
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rel
ativ
e D
ynam
ic M
odul
us o
f Ela
stic
ity (%
)
Cycles
U-A
U-E
U-B
U-C
RCPT – ASTM C1212 Freeze-Thaw – ASTM C666
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Bond to Steel Reinforcing Bars
cso
2csils ld
LoadTest Bar
#8 Bars
UHPCStrip
020406080
100120140160180200
Bar
Stre
ss a
t Bon
d Fa
ilure
, fs,
max
(ksi
)
Gr. 120 Bars (Uncoated) Side Cover : cso = 3db
Embedment Length: ld = 8db
Splice Length: ls = 6.4db
Manufacturer-Recommend Fiber Vol.
U-AU-B
U-C
U-DU-E
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa
EXAMPLE RESULT
TEST CONFIGURATION
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Properties: Some Ballpark Values
• Compressive Strength – 18 to 35 ksi• Modulus of Elasticity – 6000 to 8000 ksi• Sustained Tensile Capacity – 0.9 to 1.5 ksi• Interface Bond – Can surpass substrate tensile strength• Permeability – 100x less than conventional concrete• Freeze/Thaw Resistance – RDM > 95%• Rebar Bond – 8db embedment can deliver yield
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Mixing
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Mixing
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Mixing
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Mixing
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Casting
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Casting
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Casting (Video)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Casting (Video)
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Structural Design
Specifications Published• France• Switzerland
Development Underway• Canada• US
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Design and Construction ofUHPC Field-Cast Connections
• FHWA-HRT-14-084
• What is UHPC?• Example Connections• Structural Design• Construction• Quality Assurance• Deployments
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Structural Behavior
#5 Rebar Lap Splice
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Mars Hill Bridge
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Mars Hill Bridge
Iowa 45” Bulb Tee Modified Bulb Tee
2'-10"
3'-9"
31316"
612"
712"
2'-8"
3'-6"
21316"
412"
512"
SW ≈ 0.7 kip/ft SW ≈ 0.56 kip/ft
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
π-Girder
• 33” depth spans 80’; weight = 932 lb/ft• Family of girders up to 47” depth
12 in.
R 5 in. R 8 in.R 5 in.
50.5 in.
33 in.
100 in.
5.2 in. 4 in.
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Mars Hill BridgeWapello County, Iowa
Jakway BridgeBuchanan County, Iowa
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Bridge Decks
Dahlonega Road Bridge in Wapello County, Iowa
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Footbridge – Marseille, France
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017 www.vsl-ip.com
Foot Bridge of Peace – Seoul, South Korea
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
MuCEM – Marseille, France
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Bourg-les-Valence
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Ben Graybeal, Ph.D., P.E.Team Leader – Bridge Engineering ResearchU.S. Federal Highway Administration202-493-3122benjamin.graybeal@dot.gov
Mid-Atlantic Quality Assurance Workshop – February 2017
Pulaski SkywayNewark, New Jersey
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Precast Deck Panel Connections
Pulaski SkywayNewark, New Jersey
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Wikipedia Public Domain
Franklin Avenue BridgeMinneapolis, Minnesota
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Deck Panel Connections
Franklin Ave. BridgeMinneapolis, MN
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Pile Foundations
10 in 2 in
11316 in
0.5" Dia. Strand
UHPC Pile Design – Vande Voort et al. 2008, Iowa State University
Without Taper With Taper –Minimize Driving
Stresses
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Seismic Retrofit
Bruno Massicotte, Polytechnique Montreal
Image Credit:Proceedings, 2009 UHPFRC, Marseille
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC Connection for Substructures
Hooper Road over US 17C in Union, New York
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Pier Column to Cap Connection
Hooper Road over Route 17CUnion, New York
UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Replacing Failing Expansion Joints
SR 96 over I-86 near Owego, NY
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Steel Girder Rehabilitation
UHPC
Concrete Deck
Studs UHPCSteel Girder
Photos from Rose & Picard, NYSDOT
Tested by Zmetra, 2015 at UCONN
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Bridge Deck Rehabilitation
Chillon Viaduct near Lausanne, Switzerland
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Bridge Deck Rehabilitation
Chillon Viaduct near Lausanne, Switzerland
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
UHPC for Bridge Deck Rehabilitation
CR L over Mud Creek near Brandon, Iowa
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
Resilient Cementitious Composite
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?
Capable Solutionfor Today’s Challenges
and Tomorrow’s Opportunities
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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017
Ben Graybeal, Ph.D., P.E.Team Leader – Bridge Engineering ResearchU.S. Federal Highway Administration202-493-3122benjamin.graybeal@dot.gov
Mid-Atlantic Quality Assurance Workshop – February 2017
An Introduction to Ultra-High Performance Concrete
UHPC 101