Typhlonectidae

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

taxonomi

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Klasifikasi ilmiah

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Amphibia

Order: Gymnophiona Family:Typhlonectidae

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Genus dan spesies

• Genus Atretochoana – Atretochoana eiselti

• Genus Chthonerpeton – Chthonerpeton arii– Chthonerpeton braestrupi– Chthonerpeton exile– Chthonerpeton indistinctum– Chthonerpeton noctinectes– Chthonerpeton onorei– Chthonerpeton perissodus– Chthonerpeton viviparum

• Genus Nectocaecillia – Nectocaecillia petersii

• Genus Potomotyphlus – Potomotyphlus kaupii

• Genus Typhlonectes – Typhlonectes compressicauda– Typhlonectes natans

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

5 genus dan 13

spesie

s

morfologi

• Unik diantara caecilians

• Sekunder perairan

• Memiliki panjang sekitar 140 – 750 mm

• Membuat lubang di air atau bawah air

• memiliki paru-paru trakea, tengkorak zygokrotaphic sekunder, serta annuli sekunder

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Lanjutan morfologi

• Dikenal sebagai aquatic caecilians or rubber eels

• tidak memiliki ekor tetapi beberapa memiliki "berdaging" sirip yang membentang di sepanjang bagian belakang tubuh.

• Tidak memiliki tentakel

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

ekologi

• Spesiesnya akuatik atau semi-aquatik

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

persebaran

• Ditemukan di daerah amerika selatan

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

reproduksi

• Vivipar

• Juvenile memiliki insang luar

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Genus Atretochoana

Atretochoana eiselti(Nussbaum & Wilkinson 1995)

no common name

distribusi : amerika selatan. 

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Chthonerpeton arii (Cascon & Lima-Verde 1994)no common nameDistribution: Known only from Ceará, Brazil.

Chthonerpeton braestrupi (Taylor 1968)Braestrup's CaecilianDistribution: Southeastern Brazil.

Chthonerpeton exile (Nussbaum & Wilkinson 1987)Bahia CaecilianDistribution: Known only from Bahia, Brazil.

Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Reinhardt & Lütken 1862)Argentine CaecilianDistribution: Southern Brazil, south to Argentina.

Genus Chthonerpeton

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Chthonerpeton noctinectes (Silvo, Britto-Pereira, & Carmaschi 2003)no common nameDistribution: Known only from type locality in Bahia, Brazil.

Chthonerpeton onorei (Nussbaum 1986)El Reventador CaecilianDistribution: Vicinity of Napo, Ecuador.

Chthonerpeton perrisodus (Nussbaum & Wilkinson 1987)Minas Gerais CaecilianDistribution: Known only from Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Chthonerpeton viviparum (Parker and Wettstein 1929)Santa Catarina CaecilianDistribution: Santa Catarina, Brazil. 

Chthonerpeton indistinctum

IUCN Status:Least ConcernAdult Size:24.0 - 43.5cmDistribution:Argentina, Brazil,

Paraguay, and Uruguay. 

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Genus Nectocaecilia

Upper Amazon Caecilians

Nectocaecilia petersii (Taylor 1968) Upper Amazon CaecilianDistribution: Upper Amazon Basin.

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Genus Potomotyphlus

Potomotyphlus kaupii(Taylor 1968)

Kaup's Caecilian

IUCN Status:Least Concern

Adult Size:25.0 - 69.5cm

Distribution:Amazon and Orinoco drainages of South America. 

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Genus Typhlonectes

Aquatic Caecilians

Typhlonectes compressicauda (Duméril & Bibron 1841)Cayenne CaecilianDistribution: Amazon drainage system of south America.

Typhlonectes cunhai (Cascon, Lima-Verde, & Benevides Marques 1991)Cunha's CaecilianDistribution: Known only from type locality in the Amazonas region of Brazil.

Typhlonectes natans (Peters 1880)Rio Cauca caecilianDistribution: Cauca and Magdalena drainages of Northern Columbia and Northwestern Venezuela.

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

IUCN Status:Least ConcernAdult Size:Up to 52.3cm

Distribution:Amazon basin of Brazil, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru,Surinam, Peru, and

Venezuela.

  Habitat in French Guiana. 

Typhlonectes compressicauda

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

lanjutan

  Closeup of cloacal disc of T. compressicauda

T. compressicauda has 10 denticulations in its circular cloacal disc; a distinguishing feature from the 9 denticulations of the similar T. natans.   

 

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

IUCN Status:Least Concern

Adult Size:25.0 - 60.0cmDistribution:Cauca and Magdalena Drainages of

Columbia and Northestern Venezuela 

Typhlonectes natansZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

lanjutan

  Newborn larvae with gills                                Juvenile after recently losing gills  

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

lanjutan

  Close-up of female cloacal disc.                       Close-up of male cloacal disc. 

T. natans has 9 denticulations in its  circular cloacal disc; a distinguishing feature

  from the 10 denticulations of the   similar T. compressicauda.

 

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae

Daftar pustaka

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhlonectidae

• http://www.gymnophiona.org/database/

• http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Typhlonectidae.shtml

ZOOLOGI II

Typhlonectidae