7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 1/33

FPG 1204CHAPTER 5

 TURBO – JET ENGINE

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 2/33

CHAPTER REVIEWHistory

Early and currnt dsi!n

Calculation "or nt t#rustCycl i$%ro&$nt

'scnt "ul( ti$ and distanc

'i)rnt *t+n t# %iston and tur*o,-t

n!in

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 3/33

INTRO'UCTION T# turbojet is t# oldst .ind o" !nral,

%ur%os air*rat#in! -t n!in/

 Tur*o-ts consist o"an air inlt(

an air co$%rssor(

 a co$*ustion c#a$*r(

 a !as tur*in 0t#at dri&s t# air co$%rssor1and

 a no22l

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 4/33

 Tur*o-t n!in attac# undr t# +in!/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 5/33

E3A4PE O6 TURBOJET ENGINE

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 6/33

PART7 O6 TURBOJET

ENGINE

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 7/33

HOW IT OPERATE78 T# air is co$%rssd into t# c#a$*r(

#atd and 9%andd *y t# "ul co$*ustion

 T#n allo+d to 9%and out t#rou!# t#tur*in into t# no22l +#r it is acclratdto #i!# s%d to %ro&id %ro%ulsion

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 8/33

Intrstin! 6act Tur*o-ts ar :uit in;cint i" <o+n *lo+

a*out Mach=2 and very noisy.

Most modern aircraft us turbofans instad "or cono$ic rasons/

 Tur*o-ts ar still &ry co$$on in mediumrange cruise missiles du to t#ir highe!haust s"eed( lo# frontal area andrelative sim"licity/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 9/33

HI7TOR=

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 10/33

HI7TOR=$lbert Fon%&s Gr$an %atnt

"or -t En!ins 0January >?@1/

 T# t#ird illustration is atur*o-t/

'ein(el 'e 1)*( t# +orlds

rst aircra"t to <y %urly on

 tur*o-t %o+r( usin! an

 H7 D n!in/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 11/33

>?@Practical a9ial co$%rssors +r $ad

%ossi*l *y idas "ro$ $.$.Gri+th in as$inal %a%r 0FAn Arodyna$ic T#ory o"

 Tur*in 'si!nF1/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 12/33

>?D?On 2) $ugust 1,-, t# 'ein(el 'e 1)*

*ca$ t# +orlds rst aircra"t to <y undrtur*o-t %o+r +it# tst,%ilot Eric# Warsit2 att# controls( t#us *co$in! t# rst %ractical

 -t %lan

 T# rst t+o o%rational tur*o-t aircra"t(t# Messerschmitt Me 22t# Gloster Meteor ntrd sr&ic to+ards

t# nd o" World War II in >?/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 13/33

Cont//oncorde usd tur*o-t n!ins *caus it turns

out t#at t# s$all cross,sction and #i!# 9#austs%d is idal "or o%ration at Mach 2.

Concords n!in *urnt lss "ul to %roduc a!i&n t#rust "or a $il at 4ac# @/ t#an a $odrn#i!#,*y%ass tur*o"an suc# as General Electric

CF6 at its Mach 0.86 optimum speed.

 Concords air"ra$( #o+&r( +as "ar lss;cint t#an t#at o" any su*sonic airlinr/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 14/33

EAR= 'E7IGN AN' CURRENT'E7IGN

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 15/33

EAR= 'E7IGNEarly Gr$an n!ins #ad srious

%ro*l$s controllin! t# tur*in

inlt t$%ratur/A lac. o" suita*l alloys du to +ar

s#orta!s $ant t# tur*in rotor and stator*lads +ould so$ti$s disint!rat on rst

o%ration and n&r lastd lon!/ T#ir arly n!ins a&ra!d >–@5 #ours o"

o%ration *"or "ailin!

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 16/33

Cont/ T# nited tates #ad t# *st $atrials

*caus o" t#ir rlianc onturbosu"ercharging in #i!# altitud*o$*rs o" 3orld 3ar .6or a ti$ so$ U7 -t n!ins includd t#

a*ility to in-ct +atr into t# n!in to coolt# co$%rssd <o+ *"or co$*ustion(usually durin! ta.o)/

 J5,GE,>A tur*o-t n!in "ro$ Gnral Elctric>?

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 17/33

CURRENT 'E7IGN

7c#$atic dia!ra$ s#o+in! t# o%ration o"an a9ial <o+ tur*o-t n!in

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 18/33

HOW TURBO,JET

OPERATE78$ir inta(ePrcdin! t# co$%rssor is t# air inta. 0or

inlt1/

It is dsi!nd to * as ;cint as %ossi*l atrco&rin! t# ra$ %rssur o" t# air stra$ tu*a%%roac#in! t# inta.

/om"ressor

 T# co$%rssor is dri&n *y t# tur*in/ T# co$%rssor rotats at &ry #i!# s%d(

addin! nr!y to t# air<o+ and at t# sa$ ti$s:u2in! 0co$%rssin!1 it into a s$allr s%ac

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 19/33

Cont//ombustion chamberIn a tur*o-t t# air and "ul $i9tur %asss

unconnd t#rou!# t# co$*ustion c#a$*r/

As t# $i9tur *urns its t$%ratur incrassdra$atically( *ut t# %rssur actually dcrass a"+ %rcnt/

5urbine

Hot !ass la&in! t# co$*ustor ar allo+d to9%and t#rou!# t# tur*in/

 Tur*ins ar usually $ad u% o" #i!# t$%ratur$tals to rsist t# #i!# t$%ratur( and "r:untly#a& *uilt,in coolin! c#annls/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 20/33

Cont/6o77leA"tr t# tur*in( t# !ass ar allo+d to

9%and t#rou!# t# 9#aust no22l to

at$os%#ric %rssur( %roducin! a #i!# &locity -t in t# 9#aust %lu$/

$fter burnerAn a"tr*urnr or Fr#at -t%i%F is a d&ic

addd to t# rar o" t# -t n!in/It %ro&ids a $ans o" s%rayin! "ul dirctly into

t# #ot 9#aust( +#r it i!nits and *oostsa&aila*l t#rust si!nicantly

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 21/33

Cont/5hrust reverserA t#rust r&rsr is( ssntially( a %air o"

cla$s#ll doors $ountd at t# rar o" t#

n!in +#ic#(

+#n d%loyd( di&rt t#rust nor$al to t# -tn!in <o+ to #l% slo+ an aircra"t u%onlandin!/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 22/33

CACUATION 6OR NET THRU7T

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 23/33

NET THRU7T

W#ris the rate of flow of air through the engine

is the rate of flow of fuel entering the engine

is the speed of the jet (the exhaust plume) and

is assumed to be less than sonic velocity

is the true airspeed of the aircraft

represents the nozzle gross thrust

represents the ram drag of the intake

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 24/33

E3A4PEW#at is t# net thrust "or an -t aircra"t i" itKs

!i&n t# rate of flow of fuel entering the engine is 

8.3, rate of flow of air through the engine is 8, speed

of the jet is !!m"s, and the true airspeed of the

aircraft is #3kt,

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 25/33

 

'E7CENT 6UE( TI4E AN' 'I7TANCE

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 26/33

6UE JET CACUATIONE9a$%l o" boing ))( %ilot calculatd

r:uird "ul is @@(D .!( @ litrs alradyinstalld/ Calculat #o+ $uc# $or "ul #ad

to * addd

A litr o" -t "ul +i!#s /D .!( so t#

corrct calculation +as@ litrs M /D >? .!

@@D .! >? .! >>D> .!

>>D> .! /D @ litrs o" "ul to *

trans"rrd

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 27/33

Cont/Bt+n t# !round cr+ and <i!#t cr+(

#o+&r( t#y arri&d at an incorrectconversion factor of 1.))( t# +i!#t o" a

litr o" "ul in %ounds@ litrs M >/ >D5? .!

@@D .! >D5? .! D .!

D .! >/ ?> litrs o" "ul to *trans"rrd

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 28/33

E3ERCI7EE9a$%l o" boing )8)9200( %ilot calculatd

r:uird "ul is D( ? litrs( > .! o" "ulis alrady installd/ Calculat #o+ $uc# $or

"ul #ad to * addd

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 29/33

'I7TANCE OR RANGE

W#r

C T – s%cic "ul consu$%tion 0>>?@Qti$1!QN/s

7 – +in! ara

S – air dnsity >/@@5.!Q$D

C – co;cint o" li"t

C' – co;cint o" dra!

W – li"t :uation 0>Q@ SV@7C1

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 30/33

E3ERCI7E6ind t# range o" t# tur*o-t n!in aircra"t

i" t# time ta(en is 2 hours( thecoe+cient of drag is 0.128 and

coe+cient of lift is tenth times thancoe+cient of drag. 5he #ing area is4m:2 and t# velocity of the aircraft is100ms.

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 31/33

C=CE I4PROVE4ENT

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 32/33

Cycl i$%ro&$nts T#r$odyna$ics o" a ty%ical air,*rat#in! -t n!in

ar $odld a%%ro9i$atly *y a ;rayton /ycle/

Incrasin! t# o&rall %rssur ratio o" t#co$%rssion syst$ raiss t# co$*ustor ntryt$%ratur/

4ini$i2in! #at losss and o%ti$i2in! t# inltt$%ratur ratio +ill incras t# syst$s us"ul+or. and t# t#r$al ;cincy o" t# tur*o -tn!in/

7/25/2019 Turbojet engine.pptx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turbojet-enginepptx 33/33

'i)rnt *t+n t# %iston and

tur*o,-t n!in$ "iston engineutili2s t# linar $otion o" cylindrsQ%istons to co$*ust

t# !asolin t#at dri&s t# &#icl or a%%lianc/

$ jet engine #o+&r uss a <uid 0air1 inta. to assist in t# co$%rssion o" "ul/

It co$%riss o" $any tur*ins and co$%rssion co$%onntst#at sync#roni2 to "orc t# 9%ndd "ul out t# no22l

o" t# n!in/ T#is action crats dirct t#rust as o%%osd to t# lctrical

nr!y %roducd in a %iston n!in/