Post on 14-Dec-2015
Definitions and Molecular Features
• Invasive breast cancer was previously identified as a homogeneous group of disease
Definitions and Molecular Features
• Different subgroups exist Patient demographics Clinical behavior Prognosis
Breast Cancer
Basal-like Subtypes
Luminal Subtypes
Definitions and Molecular Features
• Triple-negative breast cancers
• Lack the clinical manifestations of ER, PR, Her-2 receptors
• Occupy 10-17% of the breast cancer population
Immunostaining for ER
Definitions and Molecular Features
• Basal-like breast cancers
Basal-like breast cancer cells demonstrating EGFR immunostaining
Definitions and Molecular Features
• Possess cytokeratins CK5 CK14 EGFR
• More “progenitor” like in germline
Definitions and Molecular Features
Basal-like Breast Cancers
Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
OverlapNeg for ER, PR, HER2
Possess cytokeratins e.g. EGFR, CK15, CK40
BRCA1 mutation
Definitions and Molecular Features
• Triple-negative breast cancersClinicalNegativity for ER,
PR, HER2
• Basal-like breast cancersBased on cDNA
assays for identification of cytokeratins
CK5, CK14, CK17, epidermal growth factor receptors, etc
Definitions and Molecular Features
• The 2 entities are almost used anonymously in clinical settings
Patient Demographics
• Patient demographics – Larger mean tumour
size– Higher rate of node
positivity
1. Abd El-Rehim DM, Pinder SE, Paish CE et al. Expression of luminal and basal cytokeratins in human breast carcinoma.J. Pathol. 2004; 203; 661–671.
2. Fan C, Oh DS, Wessels L et al. Concordance among geneexpression-based predictors for breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.2006; 355; 560–569.
Patient Demographics
• Patient demographics – Higher histological
grade
1. Fulford LG, Easton DF, Reis-Filho JS et al. Specific morphological features predictive for the basal phenotype in grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Histopathology 2006; 49;22–34.
2. Lakhani SR, Reis-Filho JS, Fulford L et al. Prediction of BRCA1 status in patients with breast cancer using estrogen receptor and basal phenotype. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005; 11; 5175–5180.
3. Livasy CA, Karaca G, Nanda R et al. Phenotypic evaluation of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Mod. Pathol. 2006; 19; 264–271.
4. Tsuda H, Takarabe T, Hasegawa F, Fukutomi T, Hirohashi S. Large, central acellular zones indicating myoepithelial tumor differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas as markers of predisposition to lung and brain metastases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2000; 24; 197–202.
5. Tsuda H, Takarabe T, Hasegawa T, Murata T, Hirohashi S. Myoepithelial differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas with large central acellular zones. Hum. Pathol. 1999; 30; 1134–1139
Patient Demographics
• Patient demographics – More aggressive
clinical behavior
1. Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K et al. Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004; 10; 5367–5374
2. Abd El-Rehim DM, Pinder SE, Paish CE et al. Expression of luminal and basal cytokeratins in human breast carcinoma. J. Pathol. 2004; 203; 661–671.
3. Fan C, Oh DS, Wessels L et al. Concordance among geneexpression-based predictors for breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 355; 560–569.
Surgery
• More aggressive clinical behaviour
• Larger tumour size• Higher rate of axillary
LN positivity• Higher histological
grade
Clinical Implication
• No difference in locoregional recurrence between mastectomy group and BCT with radiation group when multivariate regression was applied
1. Bruce G. Haffty, Qifeng Yang, Michael Reiss, et al. Locoregional Relapse and Distant Metastasis in Conservatively Managed Triple Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J Clin Onc, 2006. 24; 36; 5652-5657
2. Gary M. Freeman, Penny R. Anderson, Tianyu Li, Nicos Nicolaou. Local-Regional Recurrence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer after Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation. Cancer. 2009. 115(5): 946-951
3. Parker C.C., Smith M.H., Henderson B.D. Li, Ampil F., Chu Q.D. Breast Conservation Therapy Is a Viable Option for Patients with Triple-Receptor Negative Breast Cancer.
Clinical Implication
• TNBC is not a sole indicator for / against mastectomy
• Factors which determine BCT / mastectomy :– E.g. multicentricity,
tumour size
Clinical Implication
• Lack of ER, PR• No role of hormonal
therapy
• Lack Her-2 receptor• No role for current
targeted therapy towards Her-2 receptor
Clinical Implication
• High chemosensitivity • Higher rate of
achieving complete pathological remission CR ( 36% )
1. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumour chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(8):2329-2334
Clinical Implication
• In patients achieving CR, survival similar to patients in non-TNBC group
• Residual disease
1. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumour chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(8):2329-2334
Clinical Implication
1. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumour chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(8):2329-2334
Clinical Implication
• St. Gallen consensus recommendations– Tumor size >2 cm– ER and PR negativity– Tumor histologic grade
2 or 3– Age <35 years – Nodal involvement
Clinical Implication
• Poorer prognosis• Higher mortality• Reduced overall
survival and disease-free survival
1. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumour chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(8):2329-2334
Clinical Implication
• Patient demographics – More frequent
haemaogeneous spread
• Lungs• Brain
– Much less spread to lymphatics and bones
1. Fulford LG, Reis-Filho JS, Ryder K et al. Basal-like grade III invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: patterns of metastasis and long-term survival. Breast Cancer Res. 2007; 9; R4.
2. Hicks DG, Short SM, Prescott NL et al. Breast cancers with brain metastases are more likely to be estrogen receptor negative, express the basal cytokeratin CK5 ⁄ 6, and overexpress HER2 or EGFR. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2006; 30; 1097–1104.
3. Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Sarrio D, Honrado E et al. Prognostic significance of basal-like phenotype and fascin expression in node-negative invasive breast carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 2006; 12; 1533–1539.
4. Tsuda H, Takarabe T, Hasegawa F et al. Large, central acellular zones indicating myoepithelial tumor differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas as markers of predisposition to lung and brain metastases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2000; 24; 197–202
Clinical Implication
• Increased rate of loco-regional recurrence
• Earlier relapse• Shorter post-
recurrence survival
1. Liedte C, Mazouni C, Hess KR, et al. Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(8);1275-1281
Figures in NTWC
• During the period from 1 Jan 2010 to 31 Dec 2010
• Total no. of 176 breast cancers • 12 cases of triple negative breast cancers
( 6.9% )
Summary
• Triple negative breast cancer• Special breast cancer subgroup• Different patient demographics and different
clinical behaviour• Treatment options• Subgroups of TNBC ?• New therapeutic agents targeted at the surface
molecular markers under development• Direction for the future development of modern
medicine in breast cancer