Post on 02-Oct-2020
BangorFACETree responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide
Climate change
Acidity
Ozone Nitrogen
CO2
Temperature Precipitation
Where is Where is BangorFACEBangorFACE??
Henfaes Research StationBangor University,North Wales,UK.
Objectives Objectives
Competition between British native tree species.Competition between British native tree species.Ecosystem C budgets following land use change.Ecosystem C budgets following land use change.C sequestration of old field C sequestration of old field afforestationafforestation..C and N dynamics of C and N dynamics of ectomycorrhizalectomycorrhizal and nitrogen fixing tree species.and nitrogen fixing tree species.
Land Use Change Land Use Change Climate Change Climate Change -- Elevated COElevated CO22
The UK forestry strategy is to create, expand and maintain a network of sustainably managed forests that are resilient to climate change and make a contribution to carbon sequestration
Ash plots
N
ASH PLOTS
FACE
Ambient
Main winddirection
Plantedarea
CO2 tank
4 FACE
4 Ambient
Design
Fagus sylvatica
Alnus glutinosa
Betula pendula
CO2 CO2 CO2
COCO22 EnrichmentEnrichment
CO2 concentration
300 400 500 600 700 800
Win
d S
peed
(ms-1
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
20052005 20062006 20072007 30% of 30% of targettarget
Plot 3Plot 3 587.52587.52 543.36543.36 599.03599.03 73%73%
Plot 4Plot 4 576.33576.33 583.28583.28 584.53584.53 70%70%
Plot 5Plot 5 556.21556.21 549.86549.86 566.78566.78 79%79%
Plot 6Plot 6 566.89566.89 548.45548.45 567.78567.78 79%79%
• Supply is maintained from bud burst until leaf senescence during photosyntheticallyactive daylight hours.
• CO2 depleted in 13C ( δ13C -39 ‰)
Gas exchangeAssimilation
Net
CO
2 as
sim
ilatio
n ra
te
(
µmol
m-2
s-1
)
0
5
10
15
20
25 AmbientFACE
Fagus Betula Alnus Fagus Betula Alnus
Single species plots Mixed Plots
Stimulation greater in Alnus and Betula than Fagus
A E A E A E A E A E A E A E A A E ESte
m a
nd b
ranc
h bi
omas
s (g
m-2
)
0200400600800
1000120014001600
2005 2006 2007
Alnus Betula Fagus2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007
Above ground biomass20052005 20062006 20072007
AlnusAlnus 33%33% 25%25% 18%18%
BetulaBetula 28%28% 9%9% 13%13%
FagusFagus 39%39% 37%37% 20%20%
FACE effect for single species over three growing seasons
Abo
ve g
roun
d bi
omas
s (g
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
MP
2005 2006
Ambient FACE
M
M
M
MM
P
PP
PP
200720052007 2006
Alnus 64%, Betula 35%, Fagus 1%
Betula 55%, Alnus 49%, Fagus -4%In mixtures growth is greater than predicted
B AABB AAB
Ambient FACE
B AABB AAB
Predicted
Measured
2006
27/0
8/06
10
/09/
06
24/0
9/06
08
/10/
06
22/1
0/06
05
/11/
06
19/1
1/06
03
/12/
06
17/1
2/06
Cro
wn
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Birch ambientBirch FACEAlder ambientAlder FACE
2005
28/0
8/05
11
/09/
05
25/0
9/05
09
/10/
05
23/1
0/05
06
/11/
05
20/1
1/05
04
/12/
05
18/1
2/05
Cro
wn
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Birch ambientBirch FACEAlder ambientAlder FACE
2007
27/0
8/07
10
/09/
07
24/0
9/07
08
/10/
07
22/1
0/07
05
/11/
07
19/1
1/07
03
/12/
07
17/1
2/07
Cro
wn
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Birch ambientBirch FACEAlder ambientAlder FACE
Leaf retentionIncreased leaf retention in Betula in 2006 and 2007
MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cipi
tatio
n (m
m)
0
50
100
150
200
Max
imum
tem
pera
ture
(οC
)
0
10
20
30
Rainfall mm Temp Max
2005
MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
)
0
50
100
150
200
Max
imum
tem
pera
ture
(οC
)
0
10
20
30
Rainfall mm Temp Max
2007
MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
)
0
50
100
150
200M
axim
um t
empe
ratu
re (ο
C)
0
10
20
30
Rainfall mm Temp Max
2006
844324
1111350
919506
Precipitation in vegetation period similar in 2005 and 2006
Strong summer drought 2006
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
ozon
e (p
pb)
0
20
40
60
802005
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
ozon
e (p
pb)
0
20
40
60
802007
Ozone at
Marchlyn
MawrBangorFACE
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
ozon
e (p
pb)
0
20
40
60
802006
High
O3
in
2006
Sto
mat
al c
ondu
ctan
ce
(m
mol
m-2
s-1
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300 AmbientFACE
Fagus Betula Alnus Fagus Betula Alnus
Single species plots Mixed Plots
Leaf
are
a in
dex
(
m2 m
-2)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 AmbientFACE
2005 2006 2007
Leaf
are
a in
dex
(
m2 m
-2)
0
1
2
3AmbientFACE
2005 2006 2007
Stomatal
conductanceGas exchange
Betula Alnus
Stomatal
conductance
X
leaf area
Location
POPFACE
POPFACE Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment
Transpiration diurnal pattern at 30-minute intervals from eddy covariance data (closed symbols) and from sap flow gauge measurements (open symbols).
Diurnal stomatal conductance for Populus x euramericana.
Fig. 3
Stem sap flow (g H2O h-1)Control
0 100 200 300 400
Ste
m s
ap fl
ow (g
H2O
h-1
)FA
CE
0
100
200
300
400y = 1.1051x + 10.946R2 = 0.8319
Sap flow in elevated CO2 (FACE) vs. ambient CO2 (Control).
Stem
tran
spira
tion
(g H
2O s
tem
-1 h
-1)
0
50
100
150
200
250a b
Cloudy sky Clear sky
Daily transpiration for two specific days in 2002
Fig. 7
02468
1012141618
09-Apr 29-May 18-Jul 06-Sep 26-Oct 15-Dec
date
sap
flow
mm
d-1
Predicted seasonal sap flow (mm d-1) in elevated CO2 (solid symbols) compared with ambient CO2 (open symbols) according to leaf area index (LAI).
Effect of FACE on water use in P. x euramericana at full water capacity:
Reduction in stomatal conductance: 16 to 39 %
Whole-tree sap flow increase: 12 and 23 %
from Tricker et al. (submitted)
Date:11/07/04 Day of the year: 193Time: 11.30WET T canopy 23.2 °CDRY T canopy 25.3 °C
Andy SmithMartin LukacMichael BambrickovaPaul HillAnna WilkinsonGail TaylorPenny Tricker
SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCESCOLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE
BANGOR UNIVERSITY
LECTURER IN FORESTRY
The successful applicant will make a substantial contribution to undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and will be expected to develop his / her own
research programme within the School.Applicants should have a PhD in a relevant discipline and have published in
peer-reviewed journals. We invite applications from individuals with expertise in any aspect of forestry, but a willingness to teach forest operations is a
requirement of the post. Closing date for applications: [ ] 2008. Interviews will be held during the
week beginning [ ] 2008.For informal discussions concerning this position, candidates are encouraged to contact Dr David Wright, Head of the School of the Environment and Natural Resources, tel: +44 (0)1248 382289, e-mail: d.wright@bangor.ac.uk or Dr
Christine Cahalan, Deputy Head of School, tel: +44 (0)1248 382337, e-mail: c.m.cahalan@bangor.ac.uk.
Turnover
Leaf
litter
Soil
C inputsC allocation
Ambient Elevated
Birch
Beech
EctomycorrhizalEctomycorrhizal morphotypesmorphotypes at at BangorFACEBangorFACE
Harvest date
Spor
ocar
p bi
omas
s (g
)
0
50
100
150
200
AmbientFACE
1.09.2006 11.10.2006
*
Soil CarbonSoil Carbon
Changes in C/N under FACE by depth
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
10 cm 20 cm 30 cm
Depth
C/N
ratio FACE
CNTL
p=0.027p=0.129p=0.063
δ13C ( ‰ )
-28.0-27.5-27.0-26.5
Dep
th (c
m)
0
10
20
30
• δ13C signal visible at 10 cm
• Reduction in soil carbon altering C:N
• Decreasing C:N with depth.
• Priming Effect
• Microbial consumption of old carbon?
• Further research in progress!
δ13C and C:N ratio of soil collected during rootcoring January 2007
FACEControl
Fine Root Production Fine Root Production
Al der Fi ne Root Bi omass
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007
Y e a r
B i r c h Fi ne R oot B i oma s s
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2006 2007
Y e a r
B e e c h Fi ne R oot B i oma s s
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007
Y e a r
A l de r N e c r oma s s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006 2007
Y e a r
B i r c h N e c r oma s s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2006 2007
Y e a r
B e e c h N e c r oma s s
0
5
10
15
20
25
2006 2007
Y e a r
Fine root biomass
Necromass