Post on 23-Aug-2014
description
Dr. Shalini Jain MOPT, Fellow L.V.Prasad Eye Inst(Hyd), Consultant Optom Yashoda Hospitals & Samyak Eye Care Clinic
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Testing & Treatment for Learning Difficulties
Vision related learning problems are more common than most parents and educators realize
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Can Lead To A Misdiagnosis of Dyslexia or Other Learning Disabilities
When vision problems go undetected Children have
Trouble Reading Trouble doing their schoolwork Fatigue & Fidgeting Frustration in the classroom
It is estimated that 80% of children with a learning disability have an undiagnosed vision problem.
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Vision v/s Eye Sight Vision is a complex process Involves over 20 visual abilities
More than 65% of all the pathways to the brain
Undiagnosed vision problem can interfere with learning and lead to academic and / or behavioral problems.
It is important to know that these children frequently do not report symptoms because they think everyone sees the same way they do.
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Vision and Learning Seeing is our dominant sense and our primary source for gathering information in learning
Vision problems can have a profound effect on how we learn.
Many children who experience academic difficulty may have a visual dysfunction in addition to their primary reading or learning dysfunction. These conditions are treatable.
Many learning difficulties can be attributed to vision problems that are not detected during typical school vision screenings.
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Vision 6 / 6 Not Enough
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A vision check does not test A child's focusing abilityTracking Visual perception skills
Many children pass their annual school vision screening or the pediatrician's eye chart
but remain undiagnosed with problems of the visual system.
Vision Assessment A vision screening Either at school or The pediatrician's clinic
Is not a substitute for a Complete eye and vision evaluation by an eye doctor
who specializes in developmental vision. Early testing for vision problems is critical to mitigating learning disabilities or,in some cases, significant visual impairment in children
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Physical Signs or Symptoms
Frequent headaches or eyestrain Blurring of distance or near vision Avoidance of close work Poor judgment of depth Turning of an eye in or out / up or down Tendency to cover or close one eye Double vision Poor hand-eye coordinationConfidential and proprietary information of Samyak Eye Clinic &88 Opticals – Do not distribute or duplicate without Samyak eye clinic’s express written permission
Performance Problems
Poor reading comprehension Difficulty copying from one place to another Loss of place, repetition and /or omission of words while reading Difficulty changing focus from distance to near and back again Poor posture when reading or writing Poor handwriting Can respond orally but can't get the same information down on
paper Letter and / or word reversals difficulty judging sizes and shapes
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Visual Abilities Needed For Learning
Eye Teaming Tracking Focusing Visual Memory Visual Discrimination Gross Motor Eye-Body Coordination Fine Eye-Hand Coordination
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Eye Teaming
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Tracking
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Focusing
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Visual Memory
Helps children remember what they read and see
Children with poor visual memory may struggle with comprehension.
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Visual Discrimination
• Helps children distinguish between similarly spelled words, such as
was/saw, then/when, on/one, or run/ran
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Visual Sequential Memory
Helps to remember forms or characters in correct order
This skill is particularly important in Spelling
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Letter omissions, additions, or transpositions with in words are common for children who struggle with this skill
Visual Spatial Relations Helps to distinguish differences among similar objects or forms
Helps in understanding relationships and recognizing underlying concepts
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This area is closely related to the problem solving and conceptual skills required for higher level science and mathematics
Visual Spatial Orientation
Helps us with letter reversals
Many parents and educators considered letter reversals after age seven to be a symptom of dyslexia
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The most common cause of reversals in older children is a lack of visual spatial development
Visual Form ConstancyHelps children distinguish differences in SizeShape Orientation
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Children with poor form-constancy may frequently reverse letters and numbers
Visual ClosureThis skill helps children read and comprehend
quickly
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Visual Figure Ground
Children with poor figure-ground become easily confused with too much print on the page
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Affecting their Concentration , Attention , Scanning text to locate specific information
Gross Motor Eye-Body Coordination
Allows children to use their visual systems for good body balance and coordination
Children with poor eye-body skills may have difficulty in such areas as sports, learning to ride a bicycle, or general "clumsiness."
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Fine Motor Eye-Hand Coordination Poor Eye-hand coordination may result inPoor handwriting Take longer to complete written assignmentsBecome frustrated Lose Concentration
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Treatment Of Learning Related Visual Problems
Appropriate Glasses for work & / or A regimen of Binocular Therapy Visual Integration to improve
important Visual Skills
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Vision Therapy or Vision Training“Remediating inadequate visual systems by
improving function and performance”
Programs typically involve Eye Exercises The Use of Lenses, Prisms, Filters, Occluders, Specialized Instruments Computer programs
It involves a series of procedures carried out in both home and clinic settings
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Goals of Vision Therapy
Our primary goal is to provide Clearer, comfortable, efficient binocular vision. New foundations for increased self-confidence,
self-esteem and visual awareness
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What Parents Can do to Help With Visual Development
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Summary Vision problems can and often do interfere with learning
People at risk for learning-related vision problems should be evaluated by an optometrist who provides diagnostic and management services in this area
Prompt remediation of learning-related vision problems enhances the ability of children and adults to perform to their full potential.
People with learning problems require help from many disciplines to meet the learning challenges they face.
Optometric involvement constitutes one aspect of the multidisciplinary management approach required to prepare the individual for lifelong learning.
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Take Home Message
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