TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE,

FILM, AND CULTURE

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

“Transtextuality”, according to Gérard Genette “all that which puts one text in relation, whether obvious or concealed, with other texts”. Based on: Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts of “dialogism”

and “heteroglossia” Julia Kristeva’s “intertextuality”: “mosaic of

citations” that constitute a text.

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

Genette’s 5types of transtextuality:

1. Intertextuality

2. Paratextuality

3. Metatextuality

4. Hypertextuality

5. Architextuality

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

1. Intertextuality: “the effective co-presence of two texts” in the form of quotation (explicit), plagiarism or allusion (implicit).

1. Intertextuality: “the effective co-presence of two texts” in the form of quotation (explicit), plagiarism or allusion (implicit).

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

2. Paratextuality: the relation between the text and its “paratext” (titles, prefaces, dedications…).Chapter Headings in UlyssesBook editions

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

2. Paratextuality: the relation between the text and its “paratext” (titles, prefaces, dedications…).

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

3. Metatextuality: “the critical relationship par excellence”, works where a text “makes comments” about another one.

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

4. Hypertextuality: the relationship between one text (the hypertext) to an anterior text (hypotext), which the former transforms or modifies.

4. Hypertextuality: the relationship between one text (the hypertext) to an anterior text (hypotext), which the former transforms or modifies.

In hypertextuality, the reference as opposed to intertextuality,

to the hypotext is worked into where the two works simply

the plot (or the gag) of co-existthe hypertext,

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE4. Hypertextuality (Sczepaniks’s “Intermedia reflexivity”

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE4. Hypertextuality: Horizontal (Comics ref. comics)

vs. Vertical (Comics ref. Literature)

4. “Vertical “Hypertextuality.Painting: Marcel Duchamp

Metafiction in American Comic Strips, Jesús A. González

4. “Vertical” Hypertextuality. Music: R.E.M.

“Horizontal” Hypertextuality: “Crossovers”

“Horizontal” Hypertextuality: April Fools’ Day

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

5. Architextuality “the entire set of general or transcendent categories—types of discourse, modes of enunciation, literary genres—from which emerges each singular text”. Generic taxonomies evoked by a text.

“This is a comic strip”

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

FROM TRANSTEXTUALITY TO METAFICTION

Metafiction as a “double reference” to - a reality outside the text- the text itself as an artifact

Transtextuality can be seen as a “first degree” of metafictional devices (Pérez Bowie, Hornby). “Second degree”: “Diegetic narcissism” and “linguistic narcissism” (Linda Hutchinson, breaking the “realistic contract” in the realm of the diegesis or the discourse).

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

FROM TRANSTEXTUALITY TO METAFICTION:

Comic strip within the comic strip (“Mise en abyme”):

Fearless Fosdick within Li’l Abner

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

FROM TRANSTEXTUALITY

TO METAFICTION:

Showing the “building blocks”

Balloons

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

FROM TRANSTEXTUALITY TO METAFICTION:

Showing the “building blocks”: Reading order

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

FROM TRANSTEXTUALITY

TO METAFICTION:

Showing the “building blocks”

Subgeneric conventions

Soap-opera comic strips

TRANSTEXTUALITY IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, FILM, AND CULTURE

FROM TRANSTEXTUALITY TO METAFICTION: “Metafictional Overkill” (Patricia Waugh): Death of the author (Cartoonist sushi)