Tower of Pisa (Italy)

?Settlement and or

Soil Collapse

Grain Silo in Transcona (Canada)

Failure modes of strip footing

(a) General shear, (b) local shear, (c) punching shear in: dense / stiff soil high compressible soils (HCS) HCS / considerable depth.

Plastic Zone Development / Description

Development of Plastic Zone

Bearing capacity of shallow footing

qf = 1/2 γ B Nγ + c Nc + γ D Nq (K. Terzaghi)

Nq = exp (π tan φ) * tan2 (45° + φ/2) Nc = (Nq � 1) * cot φ Nγ = 1,8 (Nq � 1) * tan φ

square: sγ = 0,8 sc = 1,2 and circular: sγ = 0,6 sc = 1,2

Footing depth

BearingCapacity

Factors

Bearing capacity of shallow footing

Influence of size, ground water and weak stratum

Contact Stress Distribution

k = E/Edef . (T/L)3 If k > 1.0 Stiff Footing

Footings Subjected to Moment

Footing subjected to moment andhorizontal load

Design Chart:

Bearingcapacitywithrespect to acceptablesettlement

Degree of Consolidation - SF

2htcT v ⋅=

Degree of Consolidation - VD