Post on 03-Apr-2018
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The principles of TQM have proven very valuable to
individuals, groups of people and organizations and many
organizations have now discovered a relationship between
quality and profitability. It has now become important fororganizations to develop a quality strategy by adopting the
principles of TQM.
In the present changing environment of the business world, it is
evident that education will play a vital role in coping with thechange process. There is now a real need to incorporate the
principles of TQM in any education and there is an even greater
need to educate specialists in this field and to propagate new
ideas.
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The purpose of this lecture is to provide aframework for the development of understanding
of some of the basic aspects of Total Quality
Management.
The aim is to provide students with deeper
knowledge of various principles and core concepts
of Total Quality Management. It will also help them
to learn and appreciate the role of measurement,
quality strategy and quality systems, etc. in the
development of the Total Quality Management
process.
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This will also provide the student with a
basic knowledge and understanding of
various aspects of the effective
organizational process and qualityimprovement plans for the development of
the required change in the process of
management.
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I believe that students will be able to use the
process specification and analysis tools to
create process-oriented organizations.
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They will also be able to understand the need to
change the management process and required
motivation to create
a quality organization.
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This lecture is designed to help students
towards an understanding of the problem-
solving process and the tools to overcome the
difficulties created by process development. Itwill also give them the know-how of various
statistical methods which can be applied to the
control and improvement of processes.
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This lecture is divided into three parts but interlinked
to each other in order to provide an integrated
approach. The three parts of the book, i.e.
Fundamentals of TQM, Methods of TQM and ProcessManagement and Improvement, are linked together in
a tree diagram to provide an overall understanding of
the subject.
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One of the important issues that business has
focused on in the last two decades is quality. The
other issues are cost and delivery. Quality has been
widely considered as a key element for success in
business in the present competitive market.
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Quality refers to meeting the needs and expectations of
customers. It is important to understand that quality is
about more than a product simply working properly.
What is quality?Dictionary has many definitions: Essential characteristic, Superior, etc.Some definitions that have gained wide acceptance in various organizations:
Quality is customer satisfaction, Quality is Fitness for Use.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society forQuality (ASQ) define quality as:
The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bearson its ability to satisfy given needs.
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Quality refers to certain standards and the
ways and means by which those standards are
achieved, maintained and improved.
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Quality is not justconfined to
products and
services. It is a
homogeneous
element of any
aspect of doing
things with high
degree of
perfection
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The first stage of this development can be seen in the
1910s when the Ford Motor Companys T Model car
rolled off the production line. The company started to
employ teams of inspectors to compare or test the
product with the project standard. The purpose of theinspection was that the poor quality product found by
the inspectors would be separated from the acceptable
quality product and then would be scrapped, reworked
or sold as lower quality. 18
With further industrial advancement quality was controlled through
supervised skills, written specification, measurement and standardization.
During the Second World War, manufacturing systems became complex and
the quality began to be verified by inspections rather than the workers
themselves.
Statistical quality control by inspection was then developed.
The development of control charts and accepting sampling methods by
Shewhart and Dodge-Roming during the period 19241931 helped this era
to prosper
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The third stage of this development, i.e. quality assurance
contains all the previous stages in order to provide sufficient
confidence that a product or service will satisfy customers
needs. Other activities such as comprehensive quality
manuals, use of cost of quality, development of process
control and auditing of quality systems are also developed inorder to progress from quality control to the quality
assurance era of Total Quality Management. At this stage
there was also an emphasis of change from detection
activities towards prevention of bad quality.
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The fourth level, i.e. Total Quality Management involves the understanding
and implementation of quality management principles and concepts in everyaspect of business activities. Total Quality Management demands that the
principles of quality management must be applied at every level, every stage
and in every department of the organization. The idea of Total Quality
Management philosophy must also be enriched by the application of
sophisticated quality management techniques. The process of quality
management would also be beyond the inner organization in order to develop
close collaboration with suppliers.
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Shewhartsexample was the worlds first schematic
control chart. In one short letter, he had set forth the
essential principles and considerations of quality
control. As he pursued this work, Shewart gave birth tothe modern scientific study of statistical process control.
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In 1931, Shewhartsbook Economic Control of Quality
of Manufactured Product contained his findings on
statistical sampling techniques. A Western Electric
colleague, W. Edwards Deming, spread the word onShewharts work when he joined the US War
Department, and later when he taught the
fundamentals of quality in Japan.
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At the same time Dr Joseph Juran (1980) through his teaching was
stressing the customers point of view of products fitness for use
or purpose. According to him a product could easily meet all the
specifications and still may not be fit for use or purpose.
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Genichi Taguchi (Taguchi Gen'ichi?) (January 1, 1924 June 2,
2012) was an engineer andstatistician.[1] From the 1950s onwards, Taguchi
developed a methodology for applying statistics to improve the quality of
manufactured goods. Taguchi methods have been controversial among some
conventional Western statisticians,[2][3] but others have accepted many of theconcepts introduced by him as valid extensions to the body of knowledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_setshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genichi_Taguchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_sets7/28/2019 total quality manangement
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