TOPIC: Metals vs Nonmetals

Do Now: grab a lab up front and start filling in the symbols and

atomic number for the elementsReplace Calcium with Silicon and

Manganese with Cadmium

Classifying the Elements

• 2/3 (67%) of elements are metals• Remaining elements: non-metals & metalloids

(semi-metals)• Metalloids:

– some properties of metals & some properties of nonmetals

• Staircase: – dividing line between metals & nonmetals – elements to left are metals (except H)– elements to right are non-metals

Properties of Metals• Malleable – flattened into sheets• Ductile – drawn into wires & tubes • have Luster• Good Conductors of heat & electricity• Solid at room temperature (except Hg)• Metals lose electrons & form positive ions

“Metals are losers”• Most reactive metal is Fr• Most reactive family is Alkali Metals

So…metals don’t want electrons, they want to get rid of them

Properties of Nonmetals• generally gases or solids (except Br2)• solids are Brittle• solids are Dull• poor conductors of heat & electricity• Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions

“Nonmetals are winners”• Most reactive nonmetal is F

– Properties: OPPOSITE of metals

So…nonmetals love electrons, they want to take electrons

Properties of Metalloids

6 metalloids: – 4 on right of staircase: B,Si,As,Te,– 2 on left of staircase: Ge,Sb

Each metalloid has some metallic and some nonmetallic properties– Example:Si

• shiny like metal but brittle like nonmetal

Most elements are solid at room temperature

• GASES– Elements that are gases at STP

Diatomics:H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2

– Monatomics: noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

• Liquids (only 2 at room temp.)– Br2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal)

Allotropes

• Different forms of element in same phase– different structures and properties

• O2 and O3 - both gas phase–O2 (oxygen) - necessary for life–O3 (ozone) - toxic to life

• Graphite, diamond:–both carbon in solid form