Post on 15-Jul-2015
……The Roots of Integrated and Interactive
Curriculum
Inquiry Questions:
What historical connections are there between progressive education and active/interactive curriculum?
Who have been the influential leaders of education, both past and present?
What have we learned from these educational leaders, and how can we apply this to our own teaching?
Learning Outcomes:Students will examine the roles and influence that historical educators have had on current curriculum paradigmsStudents will create a visual representation of one educator using various web 2.0 toolsStudents will evaluate a integrated unit presentation using UBD principles
You and your team will be assigned to a great educational mind. Your team will complete one of the two tasks for next week’s class:
1. Create “a digital literacy product” based on an interview with your “great mind”
2. Create a Movie Trailer or Comic Book (using various movie production programs/Web 2.0 Tool) based on the “autobiography of your “great mind”
3. Send me the link for your 2 minute video
John Dewey:Dewey’s designs embedded learning
in experience (1938)
He demonstrated the importance of
giving children the responsibility for
their own learning (e.g. projects); he
believed that the teacher’s role was to
direct children rather than control them
Dewey believed that learning was
lifelong and that it should take place in
a social environment. He advocated
field studies and immersion in
experiences to stimulate learning.
We see Dewey’s influence in
community service and civic projects
(e.g. service learning)
United States
”Learn by Doing ”
Jean Piaget
Piaget’s work influenced teachers
through designs of discovery learning
(1970)
Piaget believed that students learn
best by manipulating subject matter
and objects and interpreting their
findings
We see Piaget’s influence in science
inquiry experiments, problem-based
learning models, and case studies
Piaget believed that discovery
learning should be “hands on”
Switzerland
“To understand is to invent…discover”
Paulo Freire
Freire’s work influenced teachers through
designs of problem-posing education (1972)
Freire’s central premise is that education is
not neutral; whether it occurs in a classroom
or community setting, the interaction of
teacher and student does not occur in a
vacuum.
Freire believed that education starts from the
experiences of people.
Freire proposed a dialogic approach in
which everyone involved (students and
teachers) participated as colearners; the goal
being critical thinking through a problem-
posing model. This model involved three
steps: 1) listening, 2) dialogue, and 3) action
Brazil
“Education involves ‘banking’ –making deposits in your intellectual
bank”
Lev VygotskyWe see the influence of Vygotsky’s
designs through the many studies of
classroom interaction patterns (1978)
Vygotsky’s theory suggests that we
learn first through person-to-person
interactions and then individually
through an internalization process that
leads to deeper understanding
(reflection).
We see Vygotsky’s influence in
cooperative learning and in interactive
strategies such as debates, discussions,
and effective questioning practices
Vygotsky believed that students are
guided by others including the teacher,
mediator or advanced students
Russia
“Two Heads are Better Than One”
Reuven FeuersteinFeuerstein performed ground-
breaking work in cognitive
modifications with traumatized
children of the Holocaust (1980).
Feuerstein’s learning theory refutes
the concept of an unchanging IQ, and
leads to an examination of how the
classroom affects students’
metacognition (ability to think about
“thinking”).
Feuerstein believed that the discovery
process requires intervention from the
teacher to guide learning to provide
students with a deeper understanding
and reflective transfer. Teachers
should lead students to think about
their thinking.
Romania (Jewish)
”Learning is more than thinking…it is thinking about thinking”
Jerome Bruner
“Learning is a Process of Discovery”
Bruner is an American psychologist who has
made significant contributions to
human cognitive psychology and cognitive
learning theory in educational psychology.
We feel Bruner’s influence in differentiated
instruction in today’s classrooms. Bruner
studied the way children learned and coined the
term "scaffolding", to describe the way children
often build on the information they have
already mastered. He also believed that
learning should be spurred by interest in the
material rather than tests or punishment, since
we learn best when we find the knowledge
we're obtaining appealing.
Bruner is a true instructional designer who
suggests that a learner (even of a very young
age) is capable of learning any material so long
as the instruction is organized appropriately
(e.g. the spiral curriculum)
United States
Elliot Eisner
Eisner’s work has influenced teachers as
well as middle school philosophy (1984)
Eisner believed that teachers should
focus more on “how” to teach students
rather than on “what” they are teaching
Eisner believed in hands-on experience
and integration which would make
learning more personally satisfying for
students. This should be accomplished
through a variety of frameworks (e.g.
inquiry projects, problem-solving) which
allows students to see different
perspectives.
Eisner believed that there are infinite
ways to evaluate, and that children should
learn how to learn (metacognition”)
American
”Learn how to Learn”
Howard GardnerGardner’s work has influenced teachers
through his conceptualization of intelligence
as multidimensional; he has identified eight
realms of intelligence: verbal, logical,
spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal,
intrapersonal, and naturalist (1983)
Gardner defined human potential in terms
of the ability to solve problems by using a
variety of intelligences when executing
complex tasks
We feel Gardner’s influence not only in
understanding that there are many ways of
knowing about the world and making
personal meaning, but also in recognizing
that there are many ways of expressing what
students know and are able to do; this
includes valuing performance assessments as
an authentic evaluation of student learning.
United States
“It is not how smart you are, but how you are smart”
Thinkers of the 21st Century• Marcia Tate
• Robert Marzano
• Will Richardson
• Daniel Pink
• Marian Diamond
• Harvey Silver
• Sir Ken Robinson
• Alfie Kohn
• Carol Ann Tomlinson
• Eric Jensen
…….and many others
Wise Words of the Week