Top 10 Most Important Medicines and Scientists of the 20th Century

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10 OF THE 20TH CENTURYMEDICINESMOST IMPORTANT

Trying to compile a list of the most important medications of the 20th century is

not as easy as it might seem. How do you define important? How large was its

social impact? Is the medication still being used today? For this list, we focused

on medications and the scientists that have saved lives. Here are our top 10:

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10 MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES OF THE 20TH CENTURY

SMALLPOX VACCINE

Technically discovered in 1796 by Edward Jenner. Jenner’s vaccinations were used during the 19th century in Europe and North America, but the disease continued to cause devastation worldwide, with an estimated 300-500 million deaths during the 20th century. A worldwide vaccination program by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1967 helped ensure eradication of the disease.Last known natural case: 1977 in Somalia.

Edward Jenner

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PENICILLINDeveloped by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, penicillin has changed the face of modern medicine and modern society.

(est.) of today’s population would not be alive without penicillin having existed to save the lives of their parents or grandparents(2).

AlexanderFleming

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The WHO hopes the disease will be completelyeradicated by 2018.

John Enders

Jonas Salk

POLIO VACCINE

In the 1940s and 1950s, poliomyelitis was widespread. Children who contract the virus, in its worst cases, suffer muscle weakness, deformity, and paralysis. John Enders discovered the polio virus (and won the Nobel Prize for his work). Shortly thereafter, Jonas Salk developed the vaccine.

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MEASLES VACCINE1954: Thomas Peebles isolated the virus.1963: The first vaccine was licensed.1971: The now common MMR combination vaccine was introduced. Although considered eliminated in the US in 2000, outbreaks continue to occur, largely as a result of overseas travel and failure to vaccinate.

Thomas Peebles

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Dr. FrederickGrant Banting

Charles Best

INSULIN

First identified by Dr. Frederick Grant Banting and his assistant Charles Best in 1921, insulin has not only changed the lives of those who suffer from diabetes, previously known as “the sugar sickness”. Its discovery also paved the way for the later development of various hormone-replacement therapies.

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ASPIRIN1763: Aspirin’s active ingredient, salicylic acid, was first discovered by Edward Stone.1897: The drug was synthesized for mass production by Bayer as analgesic.In 1971, British pharmacologist John Robert Vane showed aspirin suppressed the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes; which meant acetylsalicylic acid helped prevent heart attacks and strokes. For this discovery he was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize.

Sir JohnRobert Vane

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CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS

Paul Erlich developed Salvarsan and, in 1910, introduced it as a treatment for syphilis. Salvarsan worked by introducing a toxin to the patient’s system, one that would make them very sick but would eventually help their body’s immune system fight back, thereby avoiding the much more severe consequences of syphilis. As such, it opened the door to the development of many of today’s chemotherapy drugs.

Paul Erlich

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ANTIVIRALSPenicillin and its antibiotic offspring helped in fighting bacterial infections, but viral infections remain much harder to fight. William Prussof, a pharmacologist, was an early innovator in antiviral drugs, idoxuridine, the first antiviral agent approved by the FDA. The firt antiviral drugs were intended to fight the herpes virus. This has led to treatments for hepatitis and influenza, although antiviral agents are constantly battling to remain effective as viruses mutate.

William Prusoff

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AZIDOTHYMIDINE (AZT)

The first U.S. government-approved treatment for HIV, AZT helps slow the replication of the HIV virus and can prevent transmission.1964: Jerome P. Horwitz, a scientific researcher, first synthesized the chemical compound AZT.1987: AZT arrived on the market in and it was a huge breakthrough in the fight against AIDS.While the search for a cure continues, AZT and fellow antiretroviral drugs remain key in prolonging quality and quantity of life in those with HIV.

Jerome Horwitz

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DIGOXINDiscovered by William Withering in the 18th century, Digoxin is used to treat patients who suffer from congestive heart failure. The drug has improved the lives of many people and allows them to feel better and do more activities. Many safer heart disease medications are now on the market, but doctors agree that this was a key breakthrough.

William Withering

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Of course this list is by no means complete. There are many drugs on this list which may not overly save lives but which have changed the nature of modern medicine and of society.Where would we be without the birth control pill? The huge range of antidepressant and psychiatric drugs? The anesthetic and antiseptics that have saved lives and made surgery safer?The influenza and whooping cough vaccines only just missed inclusion in the top ten, as did SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – a key breakthrough in the treatment of mental illness and depression).Let us not also discount the importance of corticosteroids, which can be used to treat a host of issues, from skin diseases to asthma.Do you think we left an important medicine off of our list? Let us know which medicine should have made the list and why?

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Original URL:www.druglawsuitsource.com/top-10-most-important-medicines-of-the-20th-century

Sources:World Health Organization: www.who.int/enAmerican Diabetes Association: www.diabetes.orgScientific American: www.scientificamerican.comMayo Clinic: www.mayoclinic.org

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Top 10 Most Important Medicines and Scientists of the 20th Century

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