Post on 13-Jun-2015
description
ISCTE-IUL/ISTA/ADETTI-IUL
Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da EmpresaLisbon University Institute
ISCTE-IUL School of Technology and ArchitectureADETTI-IUL
Carlos Serrão
carlos.serrao@iscte.ptcarlos.j.serrao@gmail.com
http://www.carlosserrao.nethttp://blog.carlosserrao.nethttp://www.linkedin.com/in/carlosserrao
To DRM or not to DRM?ESCE/IPS, 6 de Dezembro, 2011
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
About me...2
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Content
¨ In media production and publishing, content is information and experiences that may provide value for an end-user/audience in specific contexts.
¨ Content may be delivered via any medium such as the internet, television, and audio CDs, as well as live events such as conferences and stage performances.
¨ The word is used to identify and quantify various formats and genres of information as manageable value-adding components of media.
3
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Intellectual Property
¨ Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized—and the corresponding fields of law
¨ Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.
¨ Types of intellectual property rights:¤ copyrights
¤ trademarks
¤ patents
¤ industrial design rights
¤ trade secrets
¤ ...
4
Copyright is a legal concept, enacted by most governments, giving the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time.
Generally, it is "the right to copy", but also gives the copyright holder the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, who may financially benefit from it, and other, related rights.
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Content
¨ Advantages and Opportunities¤ better content
¤ new and better delivery channels
¤ new customers
¤ faster delivery
¤ ...
¨ Disadvantages and Challenges¤ piracy and uncontrolled distribution
¤ ...
6
Impact #1 - Digital Formats
Impact #2 - Bandwidth
Impact #3 - P2P
Impact #4 - Compression
Piracy...... the right way to fight it?
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Content13
¨ Answer from content industry¤ Digital
¤ Rights
¤ Management
¨ and¤ Copy
¤ Protection/Prevention
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
DRM interoperability14
¨ DRM involves the:¤ description
¤ layering
¤ analysis
¤ valuation
¤ trading
¤ and monitoring of rights
¨ over an individual or organization's assets, in digital format.
CDeXtended Copy Protection (XCP)
Copy-Protection on CDsSony BMG CD copy protection rootkit scandal
MediaMax CD-3
Copy-Protection on CDs
A rootkit is so;ware that enables con0nued privileged access to a computer while ac0vely hiding its presence from administrators by subver0ng standard
opera0ng system func0onality or other applica0ons.
Mark Russinovich(Sysinternals, actual Microsoft)
Mark Russinovich(Sysinternals, actual Microsoft)
#FAIL
DVDCSS content-scrambling system1996-1999
1. CSS prevents byte-for-byte copies of an MPEG (digital video) stream from being playable since such copies do not include the keys that are hidden on the lead-in area of the restricted DVD.
2. CSS provides a reason for manufacturers to make their devices compliant with an industry-controlled standard, since CSS scrambled discs cannot in principle be played on noncompliant devices.
Jon Lech Johansen (a.k.a. DVD Jon)
DeCSS
QTFairUse
PyMusique, SharpMusic (iTunes alternatives)
DeDRM
DoubleTwist
AACSAdvanced Access Content System
HD-DVD, BlueRay
Since appearing in devices in 2006, several AACS decryption keys have been extracted from weakly protected software players and published on the Internet, allowing decryption by other unlicensed software.
Digital files cannot be made uncopyable, any more than water can be made not wet.
Bruce Schneierin Crypto Gram, 15 May 2001http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0105.html#3
John Fanning Shawn Fanning
It was originally founded as a pioneering peer-to-peer file sharing Internet service that emphasized sharing audio files, typically music, encoded in MP3 format.
In its second incarnation Napster became an online music store until it merged with Rhapsody on 1 December 2011.
GamesSecuROM
SafeDisc
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works
Criminalizes the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual infringement of copyright itself
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Content Value-Chain26
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Content Value-Chain26
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Content Creation, CaptureContent Rights Establishment
Content Rights ValidationContent PackagingContent Repository
Content TradingContent Distribution
Content TradingContent Distribution
Content Payment Content TradingPermission
Management
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
iTunes FairPlay
Content authorsPublishers
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
iTunes FairPlay
Content authorsPublishers
Apple, Inc.
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
iTunes FairPlay
Content authorsPublishers
Apple, Inc.
Apple contentservers
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
iTunes FairPlay
Content authorsPublishers
Apple, Inc.
Apple contentservers
Apple iTunes content store
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management27
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
iTunes FairPlay
Content authorsPublishers
Apple, Inc.
Apple contentservers
Apple iTunes content store
Apple iPod, iPhone,Apple TV, ...
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Windows Media DRM
Content authorsPublishers
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Windows Media DRM
Content authorsPublishers Content is encoded,
protected and stored
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Windows Media DRM
Content authorsPublishers Content is encoded,
protected and stored
Protected content ismade available to stores
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Windows Media DRM
Content authorsPublishers Content is encoded,
protected and stored
Protected content ismade available to stores
Content acquiredand dowloaded + license
License production
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management28
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer
Windows Media DRM
Content authorsPublishers Content is encoded,
protected and stored
Protected content ismade available to stores
Content acquiredand dowloaded + license
License production
Truste
d Com
puting
http://youtu.be/UnXU7z2_6Jg
remixedr/w
culture
remixedr/w
culture
http://www.ted.com/talks/larry_lessig_says_the_law_is_strangling_creativity.html
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Content Value-Chain33
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Content Value-Chain33
¨ Consumers are “active” not “passive”
¨ Consumers take other roles on DCVC
¨ Changes the established rights management logic
Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerConsumer is CreatorConsumer is PublisherConsumer is AggregatorConsumer is Distributor
Consumer is Retailer
interoperability
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management35
¨ DRM 1.0 failure¤ Vulnerable DRM systems
¤ Limitations to user experience
¤ Limited availability
¤ Offer limited protection
¤ Imposition to end-users
¤ Lack of interoperability
¨ DRM 2.0 must solve these issues
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management36
DRM 1.0 DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0Apple
Fairplay
Windows MediaDRM
OpenIPMP
OMA DRM
DMP Chillout
Coral
DReaMMarlin
MPEG-21
AXMedis
MIPAMS
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management37
¨ DRM Layers
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management37
¨ DRM Layers
Rights Management
Rights Enforcement
Copy Protection
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management38
¨ DRM Layers – non-interoperable
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management38
¨ DRM Layers – non-interoperable
Rights Management
Rights Enforcement
Copy ProtectionDR
M A Rights Management
Rights Enforcement
Copy Protection
DR
M B
X
X
X
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management39
¨ DRM Layers - interoperable
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management39
¨ DRM Layers - interoperable
Rights Management
Rights Enforcement
Copy Protection
Rights Management
Rights Enforcement
Copy ProtectionD
RM A
DR
M AD
RM B
DR
MAD
RMB
DR
MB
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management40
¨ Interoperability strategies (International Standards):¤ Full format interoperability
¤ Connected interoperability
¤ Configuration driven interoperability
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
Digital Rights Management41
DRM 1.0 DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0Apple
Fairplay
Windows MediaDRM
OpenIPMP
OMA DRM
DMP Chillout
Coral
DReaMMarlin
MPEG-21
AXMedis
MIPAMS
Interoperability
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
OpenSDRM42
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
OpenSDRM42
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
OpenSDRM42
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
OpenSDRM42
6.Dez.2011To DRM or not to DRM?
OpenSDRM42
Creative Commons licenses are several copyright licenses that allow the distribution of copyrighted works.
The licenses differ by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution.
Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only if they give the author or licensor the credits in the manner specified by these.
Attribution (by)
Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for noncommercial purposes.
Noncommercial (nc)
Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of the work, not derivative works based on it.
No Derivative Works (nd)
Licensees may distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs the original work.
Share-alike (sa)
Research challenges?!?45
Still some interesting technical challenges
- Formats- Interoperability- Security
Better control to private information
- Social Networks- Private information sharing
Applicability to vertical sectors
- Health- Business information- Education and Research
Super-copy
Super-distribution
Monetization
Q & A?50
ISCTE-IUL/ISTA/ADETTI-IUL
Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da EmpresaLisbon University Institute
ISCTE-IUL School of Technology and ArchitectureADETTI-IUL
Carlos Serrão
carlos.serrao@iscte.ptcarlos.j.serrao@gmail.com
http://www.carlosserrao.nethttp://blog.carlosserrao.nethttp://www.linkedin.com/in/carlosserrao
To DRM or not to DRM?ESCE/IPS, 6 de Dezembro, 2011