Post on 28-Jan-2015
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TMW Code ClubWeek 2: CSS – The fundamentals
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Do you know more than this guy?
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Recap
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HTML, CSS, JavaScriptContent Styling Behaviour
Text, images, videoColours, borders,
backgrounds, shadowsClick, touch, scroll, hover
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Week 2 CSS – The basics
• The cascade • Importance, specificity and source order • Classes and IDs • CSS properties and terminology
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CSSCascading Style Sheets
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By combining importance, origin, specificity, and the source order of the style concerned, the CSS cascade assigns a weight to each declaration. This weight is used to determine exactly, and without conflict, which style declarations should be applied to a specific element: the declaration with the highest weight takes precedence.
What is this cascade?
http://reference.sitepoint.com/css/cascade
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By combining importance, origin, specificity, and the source order of the style concerned, the CSS cascade assigns a weight to each declaration. This weight is used to determine exactly, and without conflict, which style declarations should be applied to a specific element: the declaration with the highest weight takes precedence.
What is this cascade?
http://reference.sitepoint.com/css/cascade
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Remember this?
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What happens here?
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Let’s try it for realcodepen.io/mrmartineau/pen/nfDcE
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Selectors• Element • Classes • IDs • Complex selectors
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Element selectors• Matches elements with the corresponding
element type name • Quite general and not very specific.
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What are classes and IDs?When there are more than one of a given element on the page, and you need to look different, you
will need to use classes and IDs.
<div></div> !
<div id=“foo”></div> !
<div class=“bar”></div>
Element: !
ID: !
Class:
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What are classes and IDs?• IDs are unique. Only one allowed per page. • Multiple classes can be used per page &
elements can even have multiple classes
<div></div> !
<div id=“foo”></div> !
<div class=“bar”></div>
Element: !
ID: !
Class:
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ID selectorsMatches an element that has a specific id attribute value. Since id attributes must have unique values, an ID selector can never match more than one element in a document.
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Class selectorsLess specific than an ID because they are not unique
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More complex selectorsSiblings, Children and descendent selectors
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Selector examples
codepen.io/mrmartineau/pen/jgCvq
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CSS PropertiesBasic Styling
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color (or colour)
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color (or colour)
The color property sets the text colour of an elements content, and it’s decorations (such as
underlines, or line throughs).
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color
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color (or colour)
Colours in CSS can be defined in a number of ways.
To set our text colour to black, we could define it… !
…as a hex code = #000 = #000000
…an RGB value = rgb(0, 0, 0)
…an hsl value = hsl(0%, 0%, 0%)
…or using the reserved CSS keyword ‘black’
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color_value
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color (or colour)
You can also set colours for the following properties: !
background-color!color!
border-color!
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color example
codepen.io/ashleynolan/pen/Blnkc
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background
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background
The background property allows you to control the background of any element.
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background
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background
Can be an image: background-image: url(‘myimage.png’);!
!or a color, as mentioned before:
background-color: #fff;
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background
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background
Some properties have a shortcut alternative, in which you can specify multiple properties at once.
!background-color: #fff;!
background-image: url(‘myimage.png’);!
becomes
background: #fff url(‘myimage.png’);
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background
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background
background also has other properties !
background-image!background-position!background-repeat!background-color
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background
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background example
http://codepen.io/ashleynolan/pen/dxocr
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text properties
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text properties
Text has a number of CSS properties that can be applied.
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/font-size
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font-size text properties
font-size can be defined in px (as well as a few other ways which we‘ll get to in a later lesson)
!font-size: 16px;
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/font-size
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line-height text properties
line-height can also be defined in px, but can also be unitless, which is relative to the font-size
!line-height: 16px;!
or line-height: 1.5;!
where the line-height is multiplied by the font-size
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/line-height
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text decoration text properties
Text can be given a text-decoration !
So for example, links (<a> tags) have the following by default: !
text-decoration: underline;!!
It takes the following values:
underline, line-through or overline!
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-decoration
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text shadow text properties
Text can also be given a shadow !
text-shadow: 0 -2px #000;
More info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-shadow
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text examples
Text decoration: codepen.io/ashleynolan/pen/pxnCc !
Text shadow: codepen.io/ashleynolan/pen/zrLlv !
Text shadow example: codepen.io/juanbrujo/pen/yGpAK
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Homework!
Style up the earlier codepen example to have a custom styled title and paragraph text. Use any of the CSS
properties we've seen today. !
http://codepen.io/ashleynolan/pen/Blnkc