Time-dependent CP Violation (tCPV) at Belle -- New results at ICHEP2006 --

Time-dependent CP Violation (tCPV) at BelleTime-dependent CP Violation (tCPV) at Belle-- New results at ICHEP2006 ---- New results at ICHEP2006 --

Masashi Hazumi (KEK)

October. 10, 2006

The Belle (B Factory) Physics ProgramThe Belle (B Factory) Physics Program

I.I. CP Violation in B DecaysCP Violation in B Decays

II.II. Fundamental SM Parameters Fundamental SM Parameters (Complex Quark Couplings)(Complex Quark Couplings)

III.III. Beyond the SM (BSM)Beyond the SM (BSM)

IV.IV. Unanticipated New ParticlesUnanticipated New Particles

I.I. CP Violation in B DecaysCP Violation in B Decays

II.II. Fundamental SM Parameters Fundamental SM Parameters (Complex Quark Couplings)(Complex Quark Couplings)

III.III. Beyond the SM (BSM)Beyond the SM (BSM)

IV.IV. Unanticipated New ParticlesUnanticipated New Particles

Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa(CKM) matrix

tCPV measurements at the heart of I, II and III !!

ttCPCPV in BV in B00 decays decays

(A = C a la BaBar)

Mixing-induced CPVMixing-induced CPV Direct CPVDirect CPV

e.g. for J/ KsS = CPsin21 = +sin21 A = 0to a good approximation(CP : CP eigenvalue)

New results shown at ICHEP2006New results shown at ICHEP2006

(0,0) (0,1)

_ _(, )

1()3()

B0 K0B0 K0

B0 ’K0B0 ’K0

B0 KSKSKSB0 KSKSKS

B0 f0KSB0 f0KS

B0 KKKSB0 KKKS

B0 KSB0 KS

B0 J/K0B0 J/K0

b s Penguins2

Right-handed current search

B0 KSB0 KS

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

hep-ex/0608017hep-ex/0608017

hep-ex/0609006hep-ex/0609006

hep-ex/0608035hep-ex/0608035

hep-ex/0609003hep-ex/0609003

Still new results but not covered in this talkStill new results but not covered in this talk

1()3()

_ _(, )

Still new results but not covered in this talkStill new results but not covered in this talk

1()3()

_ _(, )

sin(213) from B0 D(*)

PRD 73, 092003 (2006).

2 from B PRL 96, 171801 (2006)

cos21 from B0 D(KS)h

PRL 97, 081801 (2006).

Integrated LuminosityIntegrated LuminosityKEKB for Belle

640.578 /fb as of Oct. 4, 2006

Data set for ICHEP2006535M BB on Upsilon(4S)

11 with trees with trees

- Results -- Results -

BB00 J/ J/ K K00 : 535 M BB pairs : 535 M BB pairs

2*KsJbeambc PEM

B0 J/ KS B0 J/ KL

Nsig = 7482Purity 97 %

CP odd

Nsig = 6512Purity 59 %

CP even

pKL information is poor lower purity

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

B0 J/ KS

B0 tag_B

0 B0 J/ KL

B0 tag_B0 tag

Asym. = -CPsin21sinmt

sin21= +0.643 ±0.038 A = - 0.001 ±0.028

sin21= +0.641 ±0.057 A = +0.045 ±0.033

stat error stat error

backgroundsubtracted

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

B0 J/ KS

B0 tag_B

0 B0 J/ KL

B0 tag_B0 tag

B0 tag_B

BB00 J/ J/ K K00 : combined result : combined result

Asym. = -CPsin21sinmt

sin21= +0.643 ±0.038 A = - 0.001 ±0.028

sin21= +0.641 ±0.057 A = +0.045 ±0.033

stat error stat error

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

BB00 J/ J/ K K00 : combined result : combined result

sin21= 0.642 ±0.031 (stat) ±0.017 (syst) A = 0.018 ±0.021 (stat) ±0.014 (syst)

previous measurementsin2= 0.652 0.044

(388 M BB pairs)

B0 tag_B

535 M BB pairs_ _

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

2006: BaBar + Belle2006: BaBar + Belle

11 with penguins with penguins

b b s tCPV: One of the best probes s tCPV: One of the best probes

NewCP-violatingphase can enter

SUSY as an example

O(1) effect allowedeven if SUSY scaleis above 2TeV.

3 theoretically-clean modesKs, ’Ks, 3Ks

Results for Results for 3 theoretically-clean modes3 theoretically-clean modes

KK00, , ''KK00, KsKsKs, KsKsKs

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: BB00 KK0 0 signalsignal

B0 mass

B0 momentum

_535M BB

(bkg subtracted)

KK, KS

KSKL, KS

114 17 KL signal

307 21 KS signal

Three modes

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KK00

“sin21” = 0.50 0.21(stat) 0.06(syst) A = 0.07 0.15(stat) 0.05(syst)

KS and KL combined background subtracted good tags t –t for KL

t distribution and asymmetry

_535M BB

Consistent with the SM (~1lower) Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle2005: “sin21” = +0.44

The most precise measurement now

Consistent with the SM (~1lower) Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle2005: “sin21” = +0.44

The most precise measurement now

unbinned fitSM

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: BB00 ''KK0 0 signalsignal

1421 46 'KS signal

454 39 'KL signal

_535M BB

(bkg subtracted)B0 massB0 momentum

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 ''KK00

_535M BB

First observation of tCPV (5.6in a single b s mode

Consistent with the SM Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle 2005: “sin21” = +0.62

First observation of tCPV (5.6in a single b s mode

Consistent with the SM Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle 2005: “sin21” = +0.62

''KS and ''KL combined background subtracted good tags t –t for ''KL hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKSSKKSSKKSS

185 17 KSKSKS signal

B0 mass

_535M BB

background 　　 subtracted good tags

hep-ex/0608039hep-ex/0608039

2006: 2006: 11 with with bb ss Penguins PenguinsSmaller than bccs in all of 9 modes

Smaller than bccs in all of 9 modes

Theory tends to predictpositive shifts(originating from phasein Vts)

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)

More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies

Standard penguin (bird), or something else (rabbit may be) ?

More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies

A comment (e-mail) from Jonathan L.

Rosner:

If one can see a rabbit in the

Moon, why not in a penguin

diagram?

bb s s Penguin : Penguin : RadiativeRadiativeSignals: well established (BF~SM)

_232M BB

B KS tCPVB KS tCPVNew approach for NPNew approach for NP

Yield = 176+/- 18

535M BB M(Ks 0) < 1.8 GeV

(C)hep-ex/0608017hep-ex/0608017

1 “beam”1 “beam”

2 “banana”2 “banana”

ttCPCPV and V and 2 2 (())

2VudV*ub

VtdV*tb

VcdV*cb

–tB0

tb Vtd

V*tbVtd

Mixing diagram Decay diagram (tree)

d du–

With the tree diagram only

S = +sin22

3 possibilities: 3 possibilities:

Belle 2006: B0→+− decay (CP asymmetry)

04.010.061.0

05.008.055.0

first error: stat., second: syst.

background subtracted

Large Direct CP violation (5.5)

Large mixing-induced CP violation (5.6)

confidence level contour

_535M BB

1464±65 signal events

hep-ex/0608035hep-ex/0608035

History of B0→+− decay

2.3 diff. btw. Belle and BaBar

(C = A)

The results support the expectation from SU(3) symmetry that

)(3~)( KAA CPCP

008.0018.0093.0)( KACP

Interpretation: Direct CP violation+SU(3)

N.G. Deshpande and X.-G. He, PRL 75, 1703 (1995)

M. Gronau and J.L. Rosner, PLB 595, 339 (2004)

3.0~)( CPA

ICHEP2006 World Average

07.039.0)( CPA

(Belle 2006: 4.7)

:tough bananas:tough bananas

• A world average observation of large direct CPV• Large penguin diagram (P) ~ Tree diagram (T)• Large strong phase difference between P and T

2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS 2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS

Isospin analysis: flavor SU(2) symmetryIsospin analysis: flavor SU(2) symmetry

• Model-independent (symmetry-dependent) method• SU(2) breaking effect well below present statistical errors

2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS 2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS“Penguin pollution” can be removed by isospin analysis“Penguin pollution” can be removed by isospin analysis

[Gronau-London 1990]

2 constraints from B0→+− decay

inputsB(+0) = (5.75 0.42)B(+-) = (5.20 0.25) 10-6

B(00) = (1.30 0.21) A(00) = +0.35 0.33S(+-) = 0.59 0.09A(+-) = +0.39 0.07

inputsB(+0) = (5.75 0.42)B(+-) = (5.20 0.25) 10-6

B(00) = (1.30 0.21) A(00) = +0.35 0.33S(+-) = 0.59 0.09A(+-) = +0.39 0.07

No stringent constraintobtained with system alone need and

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: 22 from B from B Dalitz analysis + isospin (pentagon) analysis Dalitz analysis + isospin (pentagon) analysis

• 26(Dalitz) + 5(Br(), Br(), Br(), A(), and A())

2 (degree)

Results

helicity

/2 = [83 ]+12 (1)

(no constraint at 2

will be included in the world average

_449M BB

hep-ex/0609003hep-ex/0609003

ICHEP2006: BaBar(ICHEP2006: BaBar(////) + Belle() + Belle(//))

Global Fit = [ 98 ] º +5-19

/2 = [93 ]+119 consistent with a global fit w/o /2

• sets a “window” around 90• chooses the correct position inside

the window: revival of ! • essential to suppress 2~ 0 or 180

• Good agreement b/w the CKM fit ( determined by others) and the direct measurements

• Still a lot to do

– solution around 0 or 180, which requires |P/T|~1, can/should be much more suppressed

– subtleties in statistical analyses with small statistics

– uncertainty in background modeling, unknown phases etc.

//22: Discussions: Discussions

CKM Global FitCKM Global Fit

Very good overall agreement. O(1) new physics unlikely. Need to be able to detect O(0.1) effects.

Roughly speaking; O(0.1) ~(Mtop/MNP)2 or ~(Mtop/MNP), therefore a reasonable target if TeV new physics exists.

What have we learned ?What have we learned ?

• Large CP violation observed Large CP violation observed large CPV phase large CPV phase establishedestablished– approximate CP symmetry, which can be consistent with small approximate CP symmetry, which can be consistent with small

CPV (e.g. seen in Kaons), is ruled out.CPV (e.g. seen in Kaons), is ruled out.

• Only with B factories, we have succeeded to overconstrain Only with B factories, we have succeeded to overconstrain the quark flavor sector for the first time in the history.the quark flavor sector for the first time in the history.

• The Kobayashi-Maskawa model of CP violation is now a The Kobayashi-Maskawa model of CP violation is now a tested theory.tested theory.

This is a great historic achievement !This is a great historic achievement !

What’s next ?What’s next ?

Deeper, more fundamental questions !

General Effective Lagrangian and Flavor Symmetries General Effective Lagrangian and Flavor Symmetries for Quark Flavor Physicsfor Quark Flavor Physics

Big question 2)Is there flavor symmetry yet to be discovered ?

Big question 1) What does the flavor structure of TeV new physics look like ? (How does it taste ?)

Subquestions1-1) Are there new CP-violating phases ?1-2) Are there new right-handed currents ?1-3) Are there effects from new Higgs fields ?1-4) Are there new flavor violation ?

TeV New physics for EWSB, DM etc.

1-1) tCPV in B0 K0, ’K0, KsKsKs1-2) (t)CPV in b s1-3) B , , , ee, D1-4)

Unitarity triangle with 1% precisionUnitarity triangle with 1% precision

Near Future (till ~2008)Near Future (till ~2008)

• Room for some surprise if new physics energy scale Room for some surprise if new physics energy scale is still close to the present limit !is still close to the present limit !– e.g. 4e.g. 4 deviation from SM in b deviation from SM in b s tCPV s tCPV– At least 1 abAt least 1 ab-1-1 from each B factory experiment is a from each B factory experiment is a

MUST.MUST.

• In the LHC era (i.e. 2010’s), however, obviously In the LHC era (i.e. 2010’s), however, obviously needed is a major upgrade for much higher statistics needed is a major upgrade for much higher statistics !!

At least one Super B factory needed !At least one Super B factory needed !

ConclusionConclusion

• Time-dependent CP Time-dependent CP violation measurements violation measurements were, are, and will be,were, are, and will be,

exciting !exciting !

Backup SlidesBackup Slides

Time-dependent Time-dependent CPCP violation (t violation (tCPCPV)V)“double-slit experiment” with particles and antiparticles“double-slit experiment” with particles and antiparticles

d cJ/KS

bcsddt

Quantum interference between two diagrams

tree diagram box diagram + tree diagramVtd

You need to “wait” (i.e. t0) to have the box diagram contribution.

= 0.425 (Belle) 0.56 (BaBar)

Principle of tPrinciple of tCPCPV measurementV measurementCP-side

1. Fully reconstruct one B-meson which decays to CP eigenstate

electron

positron

(4S)resonance B1

= 0.425 (Belle) 0.56 (BaBar)

Principle of tPrinciple of tCPCPV measurementV measurement

CP-side

Flavor tag and vertex reconstr

uction

Flavor tag and vertex reconstr

uction

1. Fully reconstruct one B-meson which decays to CP eigenstate2. Tag-side determines its flavor (effective efficiency = 30%)3. Proper time (t) is measured from decay-vertex difference (z)

electron

positron

(4S)resonance B1

z ~ 200m(Belle)

MotivationMotivationQ. What is the main source of CP violation ?

A. Kobayashi-Maskawa phase IS the dominant source !

Two promising approaches1) Overconstrain the unitarity triangle: precise measurements of and needed2) Compare sin2 in tree diagram and penguin diagram (e.g. b s)

sin2 history(1998-2005)

Q. Are there deviations from the CKM picture ? (e.g. new CP-violating phases)

Paradigm shift !

)cossin(141

,1 tmAtmSetqPt

)21( w

R : detector resolutionw : wrong tag fraction (misidentification of flavor) (1-2w) quality of flavor tagging They are well determined by using control sample D*l D(*) etc…

S = 0.65A = 0.00 B0 tag

_B0 tag

B0 tag_B0 tag

-CPsin21

Mixing of D*lGood tag region(O

t| (ps)

ttCPCPV with BV with B00

• Even worse on first sight ...– Dirty final state: – Mixture of CP = +1 and 1: need to know each fraction

(A++A-)/√2

(A+-A-)/√2

vector vector

Isospin analysis with B Isospin analysis with B • Branching fraction for B0 is larger than

• Branching fraction for B0 is small (<1.1x10-6)– small penguin pollution

• ~100% longitudinally polarized (~pure CP-even state)– no need for elaborate angular analysis

• No significant 3-body/4-body contamination

• Dirty final states including 0

– OK in the clean e+e environment

the best mode as of summer 2005the best mode as of summer 2005

2 constraints from B0→+− decay

New branching fraction

Isospin triangle now closed (new )

constraint on 2 becomes less stringent.

CKM Matrix: Enigmatic HierarchyCKM Matrix: Enigmatic Hierarchy

This is correct,but is very strange !

Flavor symmetry ?Flavor symmetry ?

• Ex: Q6 (with SUSY)– 9 independent parameters to

describe 10 observables (6 quark masses + 4 CKM parameters)

• Ex: Q6 (with SUSY)– 9 independent parameters to

describe 10 observables (6 quark masses + 4 CKM parameters)

Babu-Kubo 2004

Testable (falsifiable) if sufficient precision obtained !Precise 3 measurements may play an essential role tobe free from theory uncertainties

Many proposals, not conclusive at the moment.(Observed pattern consistent with many models)

1% “spot”

Time-dependent CP Violation (tCPV) at Belle -- New results at ICHEP2006 --

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