AAR553Structural Theories &

Application

Group Member:

LUKMAN ALHAKIM BIN MOHAMMAD KAMIL 2010770815SYED ALWI BIN SYED SULAIMAN 2010938119MUHAMMAD FARIS HADI BIN GHAZALI 2010933221MUHAMMAD REDZUAN BIN ZULKIFLI 2010344265MUSAHIDDIN BIN MD ZAINAL 2010740055

Building Structural System(Timber)

Wood is a natural resource that is widely available throughout

the world. With proper management, there is a potential for an endless

supply of timber and other wood-based materials. Due to the low energy required and the low pollution during

manufacture timber has a far less detrimental impact on the environment than other building materials.

Timber is a live material. Its properties are anisotropic, they change with changes in environmental conditions and load duration has also a significant effect upon strength and deformation.

To be able to design timber structures successfully, the practicing engineer needs to be aware of the particular properties of the timber being specified.

Introduction

Benefits of Timber Framing:

1. Fast, efficient and cost effective2. Flexible to add further extensions3. Environmentally friendly4. Hand crafted5. Unique character6. Buildings with an organic, natural, earthly charm

Introduction

Timber building structure

Introduction

Timber Framing (Post & Beams

const.)

Roof Structure

Timber as a structural material is similar to steel and both materials

are available in similar shapes and even jointing of timber or steel members, respectively, is often comparable.

Table below shows an overview of similarities and differences regarding steel and timber.

Timber as Structure

Timber members are particularly capable of acting as tension,

compression and bending members. Compared to steel or concrete, the modulus of elasticity is low. The texture and appearance of timber makes it very suitable

for use in visually exposed structures. The combination of steel and timber often produces light and

competitive structures with timber as compression and steel as tension members.

Most timber is found in buildings having a simple rectangular form used, for example, in floor joists, rafters and other roof components or for walls in timber framed housing, large structures can be built economically in other forms such as domes and examples exist spanning over 100 meters.

Timber as Structure

Timber Const. Element

Vertical

Horizontal

- Post- Wall stud

- Beams- Wall Plate

Instead of decorative purpose:1. Transmit load.2. Resist lateral forces3. Support beams

Timber (Load)

Through :Compressions(Equilibrium, instability & loads)

To determine strength of materials

Axial Load

An axial load is a force administered along the lines of an axis.

Figure a: Cantilevered beams

F

Stress

COMPRESSIVE

Stress (Calculation)

Normal Stress, õ = Force, F

Area, A

Cause by certain Force, into the structure.

Deflection

Degree where structural elements displaced.

Deflection

Example 1: Cantilevered Beam

Example 2: Both end supported beam

Deflection (Calculation)

Deflection (Calculation)

Timber is a natural material the essential properties vary

considerably Timber is a lightweight material with a high strength to

weight ratio. The strength and stiffness properties of timber are highly

dependent on the angle between load and grain. Timber is strong and stiff parallel to the grain whereas it is

prone to cleavage along the grain if tension stresses perpendicular to the grain occur. It has a low shear strength and shear modulus.

Shrinkage and swelling have to be considered during the design life of timber structures.

Timber acts well compositely with both steel and concrete.

Conclusion

URL http://

research.ttlchiltern.co.uk/pif306/pages/durabilitybeta1.1/durability%20beta%201.1/step/a05/a5.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column http://www.engineeringcivil.com/what-is-the-str

ess-in-timber-beams.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_(enginee

ring)

Books C.J.Mettem, Structural Timber Design and

Technology

References

ThankYou