Post on 07-Aug-2019
Kingdom Archaea
Solfolobus is an extremeophile that is found in hot springs and thrives in acid and sulfur rich environments.
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Phylum Chordata (Characteristics of Chordates)
Notochord Precursor to your backbone
(vertebral column)
Dorsal nerve chord Anterior end becomes enlarged to form brain
Pharyngeal gill slits Evolved as filter feeding apparatus
Postanal tail Locomotion
Kingdom Animalia
Vertebrates
• Phylum Chordata – Subphylum Vertebrata
• Fish
– Class Agnatha (Jawless fishes)
– Class Chondrichthes (Sharks)
– Class Osteichthyes (Tuna)
• Class Amphibia (Frogs)
• Class Reptilia (Snakes, Lizards)
• Class Aves (Birds)
• Class Mammalia (Humans, Dogs)
Invertebrates
• Phylum Porifera – Sponges
• Phylum Cnidaria – Jellyfish
• Phylum Annelida –Earthworms
• Phylum Mollusca – Clams, squid, snails
• Phylum Arthropoda – Lobsters, insects
• Phylum Echinodermata – Sea stars
What is a Biological Species?
K (Keep) P (Police) C (Cars) O (Off) F (Fullerton’s) G (Good) S (Streets)
Biological Species Concept
• Species
– Capable of interbreeding
– Produce fertile offspring
• Problems with this definition
– Excludes asexually reproducing forms
– What about fossils?
The Species Name
• A binomial
– Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens
– Phoca fasciata – Ribbon Seal
– Phoca vitulina – Harbor Seal
Different Species of Pine Trees
• Pinyon pine: Pinus monophylla
• Pinyon pine: Pinus quadrifolia
• Jeffrey Pine: Pinus jeffreyi
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia - Reptiles Class Aves – Birds Class Mammalia – Mammals
Practice
• Simple or compound leaves?
• Opposite or alternate leaves?
• Palmate or pinnate venation?
• Entire of dentate margin?
Axillary bud
Practice
• Simple or compound leaf?
• Pinnate of palmate venation?
• Entire of lobbed margin?
Axillary bud
Flattened Petiole
Note the axillary bud
1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 1. Key out this Tree
Note axillary bud
• Does this tree have compound or simple leaves?
• Does this tree have opposite or alternate leaves?
• The answers to these two questions are on the next page.
1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 2. Key out this Tree Leaflet 16mm wide
at widest point
Note axillary bud
This is one leaf
Petiole
This is a leaflet
• This tree has compound leaves
• The leaflets are opposite but the leaves are alternate!
Alternate leaves
Dentate Margins
Hairs in axils of leaf veins
1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 4. Key out this Tree
Answers
1. Populus fremontii – Fremont Cottonwood
2. Juglans californica – California Black Walnut
3. Plantanus racemosa – Western Sycamore
4. Quercus agrifolia – Coast Live Oak
5. Pinus – Pine
6. Heteromeles arbutifolia – Toyon
7. Prunus ilicifolia – Catalina Cherry
1. Populus fremontii: Fremont Cottonwood
• Tree
• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide
• Leaves simple
• Leaves pinnately veined
• Petioles strongly flattened
Flattened Petiole
2. Juglans californica – California Black Walnut
• Tree
• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide
• Leaves compound
• Leaves alternate
• Leaflets > 8mm at widest point
Axillary Bud
One Leaf
Alternate Leaves
3. Plantanus racemosa: Western Sycamore
• Tree
• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide
• Leaves simple
• Leaves palmatey veined
4. Quercus agrifolia – Coast Live Oak
• Tree
• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide
• Leaves simple
• Leaves pinnately veined
• Leaf margin not entire
• Leaf margin dentate
• Hairs in axils of leaf veins of older leaves
5. Pinus sp.: Pine
• Tree
• Leaves small, needle-like or scalelike
• Leaves needle-like or narrow and flattened
6. Heteromeles arbutifolia: Toyon
• Shrub
• Leaves simple
• Leaves alternate
• Leaves not in fascicle (bundles). Leaves not revolute (rolled under)
• Leaf margins not entire
• Leaf not lobed