Post on 08-Jan-2016
description
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Thomas R. Karl Director, NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC
Program Manager, NOAA Climate Observations and Analysis
NOAA Data Users' ForumSurface Weather/Climate Observations & Data
Kansas City, MissouriJune 3, 2004
A NOAA Vision For AnIntegrated Surface Observation
System
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Atmospheric Observations
Data Systems
Technology Development
OBSERVING SYSTEM TIMELINE
InnovationsBreakthrough
Efficiencies Cost
Mass Productions
Space Observations
Ocean Observations
Innovations
Breakthrough
Efficiencies Cost
Mass Productions
20th Century 21st Century
Discipline Specific View Whole System View
TechnologyDevelopment
Optimizing Operational Observing Systems For Multiple Users
ImmatureMostly Mature
Trade SpaceTrade Space
Scientific Data
Stewardship
Scientific Data
Stewardship
Demand Criteria
Usefulness of Existing Observing Systems or Observations
Capacity & demandDual use potentialState of models for
data utilizationPerceived impact of
resulting data
Monte Carlo Experiments
Model Simulations
Monte Carlo Experiments
Model Simulations
21st Century Vision
Scientific Data
Stewardship
Scientific Data
Stewardship
Estimated Data Quality Statistics
Estimated Data Quality Statistics
Data Quality Statistics
Data Quality Statistics
Integrated with Similar Observing
Systems
New Observing Systems
New Observing Systems
Enhancement of Existing Systems
Enhancement of Existing Systems
Today
TodayTomorrow
Cost to implement Readiness Operating cost Well defined measurement principles Probability of successful implementation of extended measurement
system with known properties Extensibility of observing system with
respect to later improvements Timeliness of data & information
availability
Existing infrastructure to support data stewardship activities
Potential for transition from research to operations
Cost sharing & partnerships Commitment and
stability of sponsors
Easy and convenient access to data Absence of potential impediments to data use Breadth and readiness of domestic user communities Capacity building opportunities
Implementation Criteria
Strategic Criteria
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Societal Benefits
Climate Ocean Resources Disasters Energy Health Agriculture Ecosystem Water
Resources
GEOSS--- Eliminating the Stove Pipe Observing Systems to Create a “System of Systems”
Global Observing Systems
GCOSGOOSGTOS
WHYCOSWorld Weather
IGBPIOOSCEOSEtc.
National Observing Systems
Satellites
Surface Obs.
Radar
Aircraft
Ocean Observations
Paleo-data
Private Sector Observing Systems
Satellites
Mesonets
Lightening
Commercial Aircraft
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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"I still have a conceptual hang up with 2 separate systems, one for climate and one for weather. We already have an extensive weather obs network - why not just upgrade the quality of info gathered for weather to climate standards and save the $ spent on new reporting stations or replace weather observations with climate level observing stations."
--Vice Admiral Lautenbacher
A View from the Top on Integrated Observations
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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We agree!
Development of an Integrated Surface Observing System (ISOS)
ISOS – 9,000 weather/climate observing stations needed to meet NOAA’s data coverage requirements (CRN, COOP, ASOS).
Weather & Water/Climate Goals Response:
ISOS
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Integrating Weather & Climate-Related Surface Observations
There are numerous observing systems measuring important weather and climate-related observations
Networks are built for specific purposes (related but different priorities).
USCRN (NOAA) COOP (NOAA) ASOS (NOAA) Other (PORTS, SURFRAD, ARIMON, BSRN) (NOAA)
SCAN (USDA) RAWS (BLM) SNOTEL (USDA)
MESONETS Regional Climate Centers, States, Private Sector
“Integrate from the Inside Out”
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Integrating Weather & Climate-Related Surface Observations
Initial Framework forNOAA Surface Observing Networks:
• USCRN: United States Climate Reference Network• COOP: Volunteer Cooperative Observer Network• ASOS: Automated Surface Observing System Network
COOP (~8000 Stations) ASOS (~900 Stations)USCRN (107 Stations by Oct 07)*
*47 now commisioned, others planned
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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KA Manhattan 6 SSW, Kansas State KA Manhattan 6 SSW, Kansas State University, (Konza Prairie Biological Station)University, (Konza Prairie Biological Station) 39.1027 N 96.6 W 1139’October 1, 2003
ID Murphy 10 W, ARS, NW Watershed ID Murphy 10 W, ARS, NW Watershed Research CenterResearch Center 43.2 N 116.8 W 3950’June 29, 2003
GA Newton 8 W, Robert W. Woodruff GA Newton 8 W, Robert W. Woodruff Foundation (Ichauway-George Site)Foundation (Ichauway-George Site)31.3 N 84.5 W 201’August 20, 2002
NE Lincoln 11 SW, Audubon Society NE Lincoln 11 SW, Audubon Society (Spring Creek Prairie Site)(Spring Creek Prairie Site)40.7 N 96.8 W 1364’ January 14, 2002
U.S. Climate Reference Network Sites
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Modernized Cooperative Station
Instrumentation
ASOS
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Integrating Weather & Climate-Related Surface Observations
Non-NOAA Public Surface Observing Networks:
• SCAN• RAWS• SNOTEL• State and Regional Mesonets
SNOTEL (USDA; ~600 Stations)RAWS (BLM; ~1,700 Stations)SCAN (USDA; 47 Stations)
State/Regional Mesonets (~1,000 Stations)
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Integrating Weather & Climate-Related Surface Observations
Non-NOAA Private Surface Observing Networks:
TO BE DETERMINED
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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RAWS ASOS COOP SNOTEL CRN SCAN REGIONAL & STATE MESONETS
Wind Speed H H H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Wind Direction H H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Temperature H H D H H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Relative Humidity H H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Precipitation H H D H H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Pressure H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Soil Moisture H
Soil Temperature H H 15 min to 6 Hr.
Surface Temperature H
Solar Radiation H H H 5 min to 1 Hr.
Maximum Temperature
D D D D D
Minimum Temperature D D D D D
Snow Depth D H H
Dewpoint H 5min to 1 Hr.
Visibility H
Sky Condition H
Wind Chill H
Frequency of Observation by Element
H: Hourly, D: Daily
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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An Integrated Surface Observing System for the United States (ISOS)
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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ISOS Vision for the Near Future
Single integrated data maintenance, ingest, quality assurance and control system
CRN, COOP and ASOS used to support the weather analysis and forecasting mission as well as climate
Initial Planning – Summer 2004
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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Upcoming Changes at NCDC
NCDC will commence Integrated Surface Hourly Data Processing
System (ISHDPS) in September 2005
Network-independent quality assurance daily rather than monthly
Loading of data online (now have 2002- available) (http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov)
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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ISHDPS: The Results….
~ 20,000 stations historically available, 1900 to present
Available data increases in 1948, and further increases in 1973.
NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterProtecting the Past, Revealing the Future
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ISOS: An Evolving Integration of Networks
ISOS
Questions?