Thinking About PsychologyThe Science of Mind and Behavior 3e

Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. ErnstPowerPoint Presentation Slides

by Kent Korek Germantown High SchoolWorth Publishers, © 2012

Individual Variation Domain

Psychological Disorders

Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Module 31

Module Overview

• Anxiety Disorders

• Mood Disorders

Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

Anxiety Disorders

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety: a vague feeling of apprehension or nervousness.

• Anxiety disorder: where anxiety begins to take control and dominate a person’s life

Types of Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety disorders are divided into:– Generalized Anxiety Disorder– Panic Disorder– Phobia– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

(OCD)– Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorder:Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic

Disorder

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive levels of persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension and tenseness.

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety

• Must have at least three of the following:– Restlessness– Feeling on edge– Difficulty concentrating/mind going

blank– Irritability– Muscle Tension– Sleep Disturbance

Panic Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by sudden bouts of intense, unexplained anxiety,

• often associated with physical symptoms like choking sensations or shortness of breath.

• Panic attacks may happen several times a day

Anxiety Disorders:Phobia

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Phobia

• An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive, irrational fears of objects, activities or situations.

• The fear must be both irrational and disruptive.

Phobias

Social Phobia

• Phobias which produce fear in social situations

• Fear of speaking in public

Agoraphobia

• Fear of situations the person views as difficult to escape from

• Fear of leaving one’s home or room in the house

Anxiety Disorders:Obsessive-Compulsive

Disorder

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted, repetitive thoughts and actions.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Obsessions – repetitive thoughts

• Compulsions – repetitive actions

• The obsessions/compulsions begin to take control of the person’s life.

Anxiety Disorders:Post-Traumatic Stress

Disorder

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving a severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring memories and dreams.

• PTSD and 9/11

Anxiety Disorders:Causes of Anxiety

Disorders

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Biological Factors

• Hereditary factors may result in a predisposition for developing anxiety disorders

• Brain functions appear to be different in an anxiety disorder patient

• Evolutionary factors may lead to anxiety disorders.

The Brain and OCD

Learning Factors

• Through classical conditioning people may associate fear with an object.

• Observational learning--watching another experiencing fearfulness--may result in developing fear.

• Fear of an object may be reinforced when by avoiding the feared objects.

Mood Disorders

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Mood Disorders

• Classification of disorders where there is a disturbance in the person’s emotions

• Major types of mood disorders include:

– Major Depressive Disorder

– Bipolar Disorder

– Dysthymic Disorder

Mood Disorders

Mania

• Period of abnormally high emotion and activity

Depression

• Extended period of feeling sad, listless, and drained of energy

Mood Disorders:Major Depressive

Disorder

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

• A mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences at least two weeks of

– depressed moods,

– diminished interest in activities, and

– other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness.

Major Depressive Disorder

• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day• Little interest or pleasure in almost all activities• Significant changes in weight or appetite• Sleeping more or less than usually• Agitated or decreased level of activity• Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt• Diminished ability to think or concentrate• Recurrent thoughts or death or suicide

Mood Disorder:Bipolar Disorder

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Bipolar Disorder

• A mood disorder, • (formerly called manic-depressive

disorder) • in which the person alternates between

the hopelessness of depression and the overexcited and unreasonably optimistic state of mania.

• Many times will follow a cyclical pattern

Mood Disorder:Causes of Mood

Disorders

Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Biopolar Disorder PET Scans

Biological Factors

• Mood disorders have a hereditary nature to them.

• Depressed individuals tend to have depressed brains.

– PET scans indicate less activity during periods of depression.

Social-Cognitive Factors

• Depression may be a variation of learned helplessness.

• Depressed individuals attribute events using the following characteristics:– Stable: the bad situation will last for a

long time– Internal: they are at fault– Global: all of life is bad

Attribution and Depression

Determination of Mood

The End

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Teacher Information• Domain Coding

– Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards, these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the top of almost every slide is a small stripe, color coded to the APA National Standards.

• Scientific Inquiry Domain• Biopsychology Domain• Development and Learning Domain• Social Context Domain• Cognition Domain• Individual Variation Domain• Applications of Psychological Science Domain

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definitions are printed in red. To maintain consistency, the definitions on the Powerpoint slides are identical to those in the textbook.

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slide #4 or #5) can be found listing all of the module’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection.

• Continuity slides - Throughout this presentations there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes.

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think about “what might come next” in the series of slides.

• Please feel free to contact me at korek@germantown.k12.wi.us with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.

Kent Korek

Germantown High School

Germantown, WI 53022

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