THE USE OF THE INTERNET FOR CHILDREN’S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Jerome A. Paulson, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics & Public HealthCo-Director, Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the EnvironmentGeorge Washington University

June, 2007

THE MID-ATLANTIC CENTER FOR CHILDREN’S HEALTH & THE ENVIRONMENT (MACCHE)

A PEDIATRIC ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SPECIALTY UNIT (PEHSU)

OBJECTIVES

By the end of this session participants will be able to: Describe uses of the Internet Evaluate WWW documents using criteria

discussed in the session Understand some of the limitations of the WWW Use a portal, a search engine and other types of

search systems to maximize effective Web searching

THE WORLD WIDE WEB – THE INTERNET

The World Wide Web = The Internet

Essentially the same things

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

A doorway to the world

A rapid means of locating and retrieving information

A rapid means of communication

TYPES of WEB SEARCH TOOLS General search engines – type in a word or

phrase and retrieve information based on algorithm AltaVista [www.altavista.com], Google Be cognizant of paid advertising

Multiple search engines – retrieve information from multiple search engines simultaneously Metacrawler, Dogpile [www.dogpile.com]

Directories – select from categories LookSmart [www.looksmart.com]

TYPES of WEB SEARCH TOOLS

Portals – combination search engine, subject directory, e-mail, chat, etc. Yahoo [http://www.yahoo.com/]

Subject-specific search directories MedWeb http://www.medweb.emory.edu/MedWeb/

Site-specific search tools – search box in corner

Databases MEDLINE, TOXLINE

TYPES of WEB SEARCH TOOLS On-line encyclopedias – Be very cautious

Some No oversight on content Anyone can change content

Political reasons Advocacy reasons

For example – Wikipedia and similar Not appropriate tool for professional use

Others Have oversight, editors, peer-review, etc For example – Encyclopedia of the Earth

Evaluating Environmental Health Information & Avoiding Misinformation

EVALUATING RESOURCES

Rationale Anyone can publish anything on the Web Unlike traditional print resources, web resources

rarely have editors or fact-checkers Currently, no web standards exist to ensure

accuracy

Authority Who is the author? What is the author’s affiliation? Can you contact the author?

Objectivity Is the purpose of the site clearly stated? Is sponsorship acknowledged? Is the information impartially presented?

Accuracy Is it reliable and free from error? Is the source of information clearly stated?

Coverage Is it complete for the topic and audience?

Currency When was the information produced? Has it been updated recently?

Example http://www.health-e-kids.org/ - About Us http://www.earthportal.org/ - About the Earth

Portal

Using domain names .com - a commercial site .net - a commercial site .gov - a US government site .org - a non-profit site .edu - an academic site .mil - a US military site

Using domain names – some new ones .biz - a commercial site .info – any type of site .int – international organization .aero – air transport industry site .coop - a co-op business site .museum – a museum site .name - a personals site .pro – a professional; e.g., MD, lawyer, etc

Criteria for Assessing the Quality of Health Information on the Internet http://hitiweb.mitretek.org/docs/policy.html The Good, The Bad & The Ugly: or, Why It's a

Good Idea to Evaluate Web Sources http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/evalcrit.html

CONCERNS

Uncensored content Hoaxes, frauds, and “urban legends”

http://www.snopes.com/ http://hoaxbusters.ciac.org/

Evaluating Search Engines

Search Engine Showdown: The Users Guide to Web Searching http://www.searchengineshowdown.com/

Google www.google.com www.google.com/unclesam

[http://www.google.com/ig/usgov] Mercury

Site-Specific Search Tools

NIH – www.nih.gov Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC) -www.cdc.gov Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) –

www.epa.gov ATSDR - www.atsdr.cdc.gov WHO – www.who.int/

US National Library of Medicine Databases

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/environmentalhe

althinformation.html TOXNET TOXMAP HAZ-MAP TOX TOWN Household Products Database

TOXNET http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ Hazardous Substances Database (HSDB) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) GENE-TOX TOXLINE Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Others

TOXNET http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ Factual Databases - HSDB, IRIS, CCRIS,

GENE-TOX Bibliographic Databases - TOXLINE,

DART/ETIC, EMIC Toxic Chemical Releases - TRI Chemical Identification/Nomenclature -

ChemIDplus

Factual DatabaseHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) Human Health Effects Emergency Medical

Treatment Animal Toxicity Studies Metabolism /Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology Environmental

Fate/Exposure Environmental Standards &

Regulations

Chemical/Physical Properties

Chemical Safety & Handling Occupational Exposure

Standards Manufacturing and Use Laboratory Methods Special References Synonyms and Identifiers

4500 Chemicals (1 record/chemical)

Factual DatabaseIntegrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

Noncarcinogenic Assessment - Oral (RfD) Noncarcinogenic Assessment - Inhalation

(RfC) Carcinogenic Assessment - Oral Carcinogenic Assessment - Inhalation

535 Chemical Records

Factual Database

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS) 8000 Chemical Records

Carcinogenicity Studies Tumor Inhibition Studies Tumor Promotion

Studies Mutagenicity Studies

GENE-TOX 3200 Chemical Records

Mutagenicity Studies

Bibliographic Databases

TOXLINE - TOXicology Literature onLINE DART/ETIC - Developmental and

Reproductive Toxicology/Environmental Teratology Information Center

Chemical Information ChemIDplus Information on 350,000 chemicals Chemical structures for over 50,000

chemicals Search by chemical name, CAS RN,

structure Superlist - “list of lists” of hazardous

chemicals, e.g., California Prop 65, DOT, IARC

Other Specific Web Sites

Most National Governments Have Environmental Information on the Web Poland – Ministry of the Environment

http://www.mos.gov.pl./index_main.shtml Canada – Health Canada – Environment &

Workplace Health http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/index_e.html

Japan – Ministry of the Environmenthttp://www.env.go.jp/en/

Environmental Health Perspectives Access to full-text at no cost http://www.ehponline.org/

Children’s Health Resources http://www.ehponline.org/children/resources.html

Children’s Health links http://www.ehponline.org/children/links.html

World Health Organization

WHO – Environmental Health Information http://www.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/ Children’s Environmental Health http://www.who.int/ceh/en/ Healthy Environments for Children Alliance (HECA)

http://www.who.int/heca/en/ Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe

http://www.euro.who.int/childhealthenv/policy/20020724_2 Global Initiative on Children's Environmental Health

Indicators http://www.who.int/ceh/indicators/en/

European Union

European Union Home Page – Europa http://europa.eu/ Information resources

http://europa.eu/geninfo/info/index_en.htm Environmental issues

http://europa.eu/pol/env/index_en.htm Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and

Restriction of Chemicals http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_

intro.htm

The Health and Environment Alliance European Public Health Alliance

Environmental Network - HEAL http://www.env-health.org/

International Research and Information Network on Children's Health, Environment and Safety (INCHES) http://inchesnetwork.net/

US EPA – Child Specific Information Office of Children’s Health Protection -

www.epa.gov/children Toxicity and Exposure Assessment for

Children's Health (TEACH) Contains over 1,400 references covering

information on environmental contaminants that potentially impact children's health

www.epa.gov/teach/

US CDC – Child Specific Information National Center for Environmental

Health/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry [NCEH/ATSDR] National Report on Human Exposure to

Environmental Chemicals - http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/

Toxicological profiles http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html

Environmental Health News

www.EnvironmentalHealthNews.org World-wide, English language press

Environmental health issues Summaries of scientific papers Other information

Earth Portal - http://www.earthportal.org/ All aspects of the earth “especially in regards to how

these systems support life and underpin human existence.”

EarthNews http://www.earthportal.org/news/ News articles

Encyclopedia of the Earth http://www.eoearth.org/ Searchable set of reference articles written for EOE

Earth Forum http://www.earthportal.org/forum/ Discussion

Information in Languages Other than English Many US government web sites have

Spanish language materials NIH – http://salud.nih.gov/ CDC – www.cdc.gov/spanish/default.htm EPA - http://www.epa.gov/espanol/

WHO – www.who.int EU – http://europa.eu

Other Specific Web Sites

Pesticide Information The Extension Toxicology Network –

http://extoxnet.orst.edu/ School Information

Center for Health, Environment and Justice - http://www.chej.org/

Healthy Schools Network - http://www.healthyschools.org/

THE USE OF THE INTERNET FOR CHILDREN’S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

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