The tale of civilizationsBy sarala

For her daughter joshitha

What is civilization:

• Society, culture and way of life in particular area

Early people were in awe of nature and natural phenomena

Discovery of fireearly man used fire to:

Discovery of fire To keep themselves warm To cook foodTo keep animals away

Domestication of animals

Discovery of fire and Domestication of animals

Made early man think their intelligence can control nature and natural things to make their lives more comfortable

Agriculture:

Growing crops on their own made early man more confident and they slowly started adapting to nature for their own benefits

These scientific skills like discovery of fire and domestication of animals helped Early man to grow and become more civilized

The major scientific developments of the prehistoric era that made people independent were:

1. Invention of wheel

Helped people to move from one place to another easily

2. Discovery of fire early man used fire to:

Discovery of fire To keep themselves warm To cook foodTo keep animals away

3. Discovery of metals:

Invention of tools after discovery of metals helped pre historic people for hunting, farming and herding

Beginning of farming and herding are major stepping stones towards civilization

farming herding

As time passed early people became more observant This made them develop scientifically

What all they learnt ?

1.Agriculture

Early man learnt the skill of agriculture by observing plants coming out from the seeds

2.Medicinal values of plants

They discovered medicinal value of plants by observing their use in healing of wounds

Seasonal changes

Early people observed seasonal change at regular intervals and made their habitat and clothes accordingly

Measuring time:

They learnt how to measure time . This led to invention of sundial that told time according to position of sun

Construction of barricadesfloods

Stone barricades Earth dam

Early people observed floods and made barricades . They also made canals and reservoirs to survive in the time of drought

Barter system

People started using barter system for trade and began to travel distant places for exchange of goods. Later introduction of money made the trade easy

Tale of civilizations

What is civilization

Is the progress or improvement in the lives of human beings

Shopping areas in villages Shopping malls in the cities

What does civilization tell us?

• Way of life in some period or part of the world• Particular culture, beliefs of people of different locations or periods

Common Features of all ancient civilizations:• 1.Systems of government

Indian royal rule British royal rule

2.Growth of art and the craft

Indian crafts Egyptian crafts

3.Own religion:

Hindu religionChristian religion

4.Unique system of writing4.

5.Development of architecture:

Architecture in London Architecture in Egypt

6.Growth of new professions: such as priests, craftsmen etc.

7.Town planning

RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION

As water is needed for growing crops, people started settling near rivers and became civilized before others

The four great river valley civilization are

• 1. The Nile river civilization

• EGYPT

2. The Tigris-Euphrates river valley civilization

mesopotamia

3. Hawang-ho river valley civilization

china

4. The Indus valley civilization

India