1.7 The history of Computer Networking and the Internet

20 minutes of joy with Patric and Andreas

The switching 60’s

Telephone

Telephone network is the dominating communication network

Used circuit switching

Computer communication

Short bursts of information

Long inactivity periods

Packet switching More suitable for this type of communication More robust

ARPAnet

Advanced Research Projects Agency at MIT The first packet switching network

IMP (Interface message processor) installed at UCLA UC Santa Barbara Stanford Univ. of Utah

The 70’s

1972:

ARPAnet is now consistent of 15 nodes

The first host-to-host protocol NCP (Network Control Protocol) enables

applications to be written First e-mail program

New networks emerging…

ALOHAnet Enabling communication over microwaves between the Hawaiian

Islands.

Telenet Commercial packet switching network based on ARPAnet’s technology

Cyclades French packet switching network

IBM’s SNA Parallelled ARPAnet’s work

Tymnet, GE Information Services network etc. Time sharing networks

Networks of networks

DARPA (Defence ARPA) funded the connection of networks

Networks of networks also called inernetting

Protocols

(early version of) TCP was used for connecting the networks

Forwarding functions IP

UDP

More Protocols

Ethernet protocol Enabling wired based

broadcast sharing networks

Laying the foundation for LAN

ALOHA Protocol Multiple access

protocol

The 80’s

More computer networks

BITNET University e-mail and file sharing

CSNET Linking researchers without access to the ARPAnet

NSFNET Connection to supercomputing centers 56kbps backbone, later 1,5Mbps and serving as

the linking backbone between regional networks

Standardisation

TCP/IP replacing NCP as the standard host protocol for ARPAnet

The late 80’s: Congestion control is added to TCP DNS is invented

The 90’s

Commercialisation

ARPAnet closes down

NSFNET serving as backbone connecting the regional networks and opening the network for commercial purposes

In 1995 NSFNET is decomissioned and Internet Service Providers serves as the new backbones in its place

Developments

The key components of the web: HTML, HTTP, web server and a web browser is developed in the early 90’s

93: web browsers with GUI.

95: Web commerce

Killer applications: E-mail The Web IM (ICQ) P2P file sharing (Napster)

The rest is history…