Post on 30-Dec-2015
description
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PART F5
The Skeletal System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Joints
Articulations of bones
Functions of joints
Ways joints are classified
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Functional Classification of Joints
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Structural Classification of Joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Summary of Joint Classes
[Insert Table 5.3 here]
Table 5.3
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fibrous Joints
Bones united by fibrous tissue
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fibrous Joints
Figure 5.28a–b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cartilaginous Joints
Bones connected by cartilage
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cartilaginous Joints
Figure 5.28c–e
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Synovial Joints
Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Synovial Joints
Figure 5.28f–h
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Features of Synovial Joints
Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones
A fibrous articular capsule encloses joint surfaces
A joint cavity is filled with
Ligaments
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint
Bursae—flattened fibrous sacs
Tendon sheath
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Synovial Joint
Figure 5.29
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Synovial Joints
Figure 5.30a–c
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Synovial Joints
Figure 5.30d–f
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints
Bursitis
Tendonitis
Arthritis
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Clinical Forms of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune disease
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Clinical Forms of Arthritis
Gouty arthritis
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Developmental Aspects of the Skeletal System
At birth, the skull bones are incomplete
Bones are joined by fibrous membranes
Fontanels are completely replaced with bone
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ossification Centers in a 12-week-old Fetus
Figure 5.32
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Fetus
Birth
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Adolescence
Size of cranium in relationship to body
2 years
8 or 9 years
Between ages 6 and 11
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Figure 5.33a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Figure 5.33b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Curvatures of the spine
Primary curvatures
Secondary curvatures
Abnormal spinal curvatures are often congenital
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Figure 5.16
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Osteoporosis
Bone-thinning disease afflicting
Disease makes bones fragile and bones can easily fracture
Vertebral collapse results in kyphosis
Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a female skeleton
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Figure 5.34
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Figure 5.35